Answer:
A radionuclide is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferred to one of its electrons to release it as a conversion electron; or used to create and emit a new particle from the nucleus. Wikipedia
The existence of isotopes contradicts part of Dalton's original atomic theory because he said all atoms of a given element are identical have the same mass size and chemical properties.
2. CuCl₂·2H₂O is limiting reactant.
Chemical reaction: 3CuCl₂·2H₂O + 2Al → 3Cu + 2AlCl₃ + 6H₂O. m(Al) = 0,5 g.
In an acidic solution, the rate change if Sucrose fructose and glucose is changed to 0.5 M will be Rate = k[H⁺][1.51M] for sucrose,
Rate = k[H⁺][0.61M] for glucose and Rate = k[H⁺][0.6 M] fructose.
<h3>What is the breakdown of sucrose?</h3>
Sucrose is a type of sugar that is made by adding fructose and glucose or the breakdown of fructose will be in the form of glucose and fructose always at different levels of concentration.
In the given acidic solution if the concentration of sucrose changes from 0.01 to 0.5 then both have to add to give the total rate of change in the given reaction and it will be 1.51M sucrose, 0.61M for glucose, and 0.6 M fructose.
Therefore, Rate = k[H⁺][1.51M] for sucrose, Rate = k[H⁺][0.61M] for glucose and Rate = k[H⁺][0.6 M] fructose for an acidic solution, the rate change if Sucrose fructose and glucose is changed to 0.5 M.
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The increase in Atomic radius contributes to the decrease in ionization energy down a group. As you go down a group the Atomic radius increases meaning more energy levels are being added, and there are more electron shieldings. So, therefore, electron shielding blocks the pull of the nucleus from the valence electrons and it makes easier for the atom to lose its outermost electron. So the atom needs less ionization energy to remove its valence electron.
Answer:
Rb
Explanation:
Second ionization energy is the energy required for the removal of the second loosely bonded valence electron from an isolated gaseous atom.
The given elements:
Rb , Sr, Y and Zr
These are the elements of the fifth period.
The electronic configuration of Rb -
The electronic configuration of Sr -
The electronic configuration of Y -
The electronic configuration of Zr -
<u>When one electron is removed from Rb, the cation attains the noble gas configuration due to which the removal of second electron from Rb is very very difficult. Thus, Rb has the largest second ionization energy.</u>
The values of the second ionization of these elements are:
Rb = 2633 kJ/mol
Sr = 1064.2 kJ/mol
Y = 1180 kJ/mol
Zr = 1270 kJ/mol