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ryzh [129]
3 years ago
12

Two steps in a synthesis of the analgesic ibuprofen include a carbonyl condensation reaction, followed by an alkylation reaction

. identify intermediates a and b in the synthesis of ibuprofen.

Chemistry
2 answers:
svetlana [45]3 years ago
5 0

The intermediate a is \boxed{{\text{diethyl 2 - }}\left( {{\text{4 - isobutylphenyl}}} \right){\text{malonate}}}.

The intermediate b is \boxed{{\text{diethyl 2 - }}\left( {{\text{4 - isobutylphenyl}}} \right){\text{ - 2 - methylmalonate}}}.

Further explanation:

Carbonyl condensation reaction is the reaction between two carbonyl-containing reactants, one of which must possess an alpha hydrogen atom. The reaction involves the removal of an alpha hydrogen atom by a base. The enolate anion formed from this removal attacks the carbonyl carbon of the second molecule.The result is the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between the carbonyl carbon atom of one molecule and the alpha-carbon atom of another carbonyl molecule.

Alkylation is defined as the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group can be transferred in the form of alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion or a carbene. An alkyl group can be added to benzene molecule by an electrophile aromatic substitution reaction called the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction.

Ibuprofen is the derivative of propionic acid in which one hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl) phenyl group.

Synthesis of ibuprofen form carbonyl condensation and alkylation reaction is as follows:

1. Ibuprofen is synthesized by reacting ethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) acetate with base and diethyl carbonate. In this, the base reacts with the acidic proton to form enolate anion.The enolate anion reacts with diethyl carbonate to generate an intermediate diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) malonate. This step is the carbonyl condensation reaction.

2. The intermediate 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) malonate reacts with base again and forms enolate. The enolate with treatment with methyl iodide produces an intermediate diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonatediethyl. This step is an alkylation reaction.

3. The second intermediate diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonate on hydrolysis give ibuprofen.

Hence, the intermediate a is diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) malonate and the intermediate b is diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonate. The synthesis of ibuprofen is shown in the image attached.

Learn more:

1. Calculate number of solutes brainly.com/question/8054051.

2. How many moles of Cl are there in 8 moles of CCl4 brainly.com/question/2094744

Answer details:

Grade: Senior school

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Chemical reactions

Keywords: Carbonyl condensation, Alkylation, Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction, Ibuprofen, ethyl2-(4-isobutylphenyl) acetate, diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) malonate and diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonate.

Tresset [83]3 years ago
4 0
Ibuprofen is synthesized by reacting ethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)acetate with base, the base abstracts the acidic proton and enolate is formed which on reaction with diethyl carbonate generates diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)malonate (A). diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)malonate on treatment with Base again looses the acidic proton and forms enolate. The enolate with treatment with Methyl Iodide yields diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonate (B). diethyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylmalonate on hydrolysis give Ibuprofen.

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Determine the molar mass of a 0.458-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.20 l at 287 k and 0.980 atm. group of answer choices
lilavasa [31]

Considering the ideal gas law and the definition of molar mass, the molar mass of the sample of gas is 9.17 \frac{g}{mol}.

<h3>Ideal gas law</h3>

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:

P×V = n×R×T

where:

  • P is the gas pressure.
  • V is the volume that occupies.
  • T is its temperature.
  • R is the ideal gas constant. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances.
  • n is the number of moles of the gas.

<h3>Definition of molar mass</h3>

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

<h3>Molar mass of the sample of gas</h3>

In this case you know:

  • P= 0.980 arm
  • V= 1.20 L
  • T= 287 K
  • R= 0.082 \frac{atmL}{molK}
  • n= ?

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

0.980 atm× 1.20 L= n× 0.082\frac{atmL}{molK}× 287 K

Solving:

(0.980 atm× 1.20 L)÷ (0.082\frac{atmL}{molK}× 287 K)= n

<u><em>0.04997 moles= n</em></u>

On the other hand, you know that the<u><em> mass of the sample of gas</em></u> is <u><em>0.458 grams</em></u>. Replacing in the definition of molar mass:

molar mass=\frac{0.458 grams}{0.04997 moles}

Solving:

<u><em>molar mass= 9.17 </em></u>\frac{g}{mol}

Finally, the molar mass of the sample of gas is 9.17 \frac{g}{mol}.

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