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MariettaO [177]
3 years ago
6

When light is shown on a mixture of chlorine and chloromethane, carbon tetrachloride is one of the components of the final react

ion mixture. Propose a series of mechanistic steps which explain this observation?
Chemistry
1 answer:
velikii [3]3 years ago
8 0

A free-radical substitution reaction is likely to be responsible for the observations. The reaction mechanism of a reaction like this can be grouped into three phases:

  • Initiation; the "light" on the mixture deliver sufficient amount of energy such that the halogen molecules undergo homologous fission. It typically takes ultraviolet radiation to initiate fissions of the bonds.  
  • Propagation; free radicals react with molecules to produce new free radicals and molecules.
  • Termination; two free radicals combine and form covalent bonds to produce stable molecules. Note that it is possible for two carbon-containing free-radicals to combine, leading to the production of trace amounts of long carbon chains in the product.

Initiation

\text{Cl}-\text{Cl} \stackrel{\text{UV}}{\to} \text{Cl}\bullet + \bullet\text{Cl}

where the big black dot indicates unpaired electrons attached to the atom.

Propagation

\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}+ \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{HCl}

\bullet\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CH}_2\text{Cl}_2 + \text{Cl}\bullet

\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}_2 + \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CHCl}_2 + \text{HCl}

\bullet\text{CHCl}_2+ \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CHCl}_3 + \bullet \text{Cl}

\text{CHCl}_3 + \text{Cl}\bullet \to \bullet\text{CCl}_3 + \text{HCl}

\bullet\text{CCl}_3 + \text{Cl}_2 \to \text{CCl}_4 + \text{Cl}\bullet

Termination

\text{Cl}\bullet + \bullet\text{Cl} \to \text{Cl}-\text{Cl}

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You have a solution that is 18.5% (v/v) methyl alcohol. If the bottle contains 1.64 L of solution, what is the volume (V) in mil
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2 years ago
An atom gets over all positive charge by ____ _______
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<h2>Answer:</h2>

Nucleus.

<h2>Explanation:</h2>
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An analytical chemist is titrating of a solution of propionic acid with a solution of 224.9 ml of a 0.6100M solution of propioni
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<u>Answer:</u> The pH of acid solution is 4.58

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}    .....(1)

  • <u>For KOH:</u>

Molarity of KOH solution = 1.1000 M

Volume of solution = 41.04 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

1.1000M=\frac{\text{Moles of KOH}\times 1000}{41.04}\\\\\text{Moles of KOH}=\frac{1.1000\times 41.04}{1000}=0.04514mol

  • <u>For propanoic acid:</u>

Molarity of propanoic acid solution = 0.6100 M

Volume of solution = 224.9 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

0.6100M=\frac{\text{Moles of propanoic acid}\times 1000}{224.9}\\\\\text{Moles of propanoic acid}=\frac{0.6100\times 224.9}{1000}=0.1372mol

The chemical reaction for propanoic acid and KOH follows the equation:

                 C_2H_5COOH+KOH\rightarrow C_2H_5COOK+H_2O

<u>Initial:</u>          0.1372         0.04514  

<u>Final:</u>           0.09206          -                0.04514

Total volume of solution = [224.9 + 41.04] mL = 265.94 mL = 0.26594 L     (Conversion factor:  1 L = 1000 mL)

To calculate the pH of acidic buffer, we use the equation given by Henderson Hasselbalch:

pH=pK_a+\log(\frac{[\text{salt}]}{[acid]})

pH=pK_a+\log(\frac{[C_2H_5COOK]}{[C_2H_5COOH]})

We are given:  

pK_a = negative logarithm of acid dissociation constant of propanoic acid = 4.89

[C_2H_5COOK]=\frac{0.04514}{0.26594}

[C_2H_5COOH]=\frac{0.09206}{0.26594}

pH = ?  

Putting values in above equation, we get:

pH=4.89+\log(\frac{(0.04514/0.26594)}{(0.09206/0.26594)})\\\\pH=4.58

Hence, the pH of acid solution is 4.58

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3 years ago
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