Imagine you are and astronaut returning to Earth from a space mission to Mars. In which order would you pass through the layers
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As we know Benzene undergo Electrophilic Substitution Reactions. In case of substituted Benzene the incoming Electrophile is substituted either at <em>Orto , Para</em> position or <em>Meta</em> position. If the substituent is Electron Withdrawing in Nature then the Electrophile will go to <em>meta</em> position. When the substituent id Electron Donating in Nature then the incoming electrophile will be directed to <em>ortho</em> and <em>para</em> position.
In Benzenesulfonic Acid the substituent is Sulfonate (-SO₃H), it has a strong electron withdrawing effect. So on Nitration the Nitro group will be oriented to <em>meta</em> position and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid is formed. On further Nitration 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid will be convert to <span>3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid because both Sulfonate and Nitrate groups are <em>meta</em> directing.</span>
In Benzenesulfonic Acid the substituent is Sulfonate (-SO₃H), it has a strong electron withdrawing effect. So on Nitration the Nitro group will be oriented to <em>meta</em> position and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid is formed. On further Nitration 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid will be convert to <span>3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid because both Sulfonate and Nitrate groups are <em>meta</em> directing.</span>