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2 years ago

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Whether an ionic bond or a covalent bond forms, bonds form in order to make newly created substances ________ than the substance

s they were created from.
A) less stable
B) more stable
C) less efficient
D) more efficient

1 answer:

Nezavi [6.7K]2 years ago

6 0

The answer would be less stable

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An electron is trapped in an infinite square-well potential of width 0.6 nm. If the electron is initially in the n = 4 state, wh

grandymaker [24]

Answer:

E₁ = 1.042 eV

E₄₋₃= 7.29 eV

E₄₋₂= 12.50 eV

E₄₋₁= 15.63 eV

E₃₋₂= 5.21eV

E₃₋₁= 8.34eV

E₂₋₁= 3.13eV

Explanation:

The energy in an infinite square-well potential is giving by:

$E = \frac {h^{2} n^{2}}{8mL^{2}}$

<em>where, h: Planck constant = 6.62x10⁻³⁴J.s, n: is the energy state, m: mass of the electron and L: widht of the square-well potential </em>

<u>The energy of the electron in the ground state, </u><u>n = 1</u><u>, is: </u>

$E_{1} = \frac {(6.62 \cdot 10^{-34})^{2} (1)^{2}}{(8) (9.11 \cdot 10^{-31}) (0.6 \cdot 10^{-9} m)^{2}}$

$E_{1} = 1.67 \cdot 10^{-19} J = 1.042 eV$

The photon energies that are emitted as the electron jumps to the ground state is the difference between the states:

$E_{\Delta n} = \Delta n^{2} E_{1}$

$E_{(4 - 3)} = (4^{2} - 3^{2}) 1.042 eV = 7.29eV$

$E_{(4 - 2)} = (4^{2} - 2^{2}) 1.042 eV = 12.50eV$

$E_{(4 - 1)} = (4^{2} - 1^{2}) 1.042 eV = 15.63eV$

$E_{(3 - 2)} = (3^{2} - 2^{2}) 1.042 eV = 5.21eV$

$E_{(3 - 1)} = (3^{2} - 1^{2}) 1.042 eV = 8.34eV$

$E_{(2 - 1)} = (2^{2} - 1^{2}) 1.042 eV = 3.13eV$

Have a nice day!

7 0

2 years ago

A heat engine operating between energy reservoirs at 20?c and 600?c has 30% of the maximum possible efficiency.

Anarel [89]

<span>The maximum possible efficiency, i.e the efficiency of a Carnot engine , is give by the ratio of the absolute temperatures of hot and cold reservoir.
η_max = 1 - (T_c/T_h)

For this engine:
η_max = 1 - [ (20 +273)K/(600 + 273)K ] = 0.66 = 66%

The actual efficiency of the engine is 30%, i.e.
η = 0.3 ∙ 0.664 = 0.20 = 20 %

On the other hand thermal efficiency is defined as the ratio of work done to the amount of heat absorbed from hot reservoir:
η = W/Q_h

So the heat required from hot reservoir is:
Q_h = W/η = 1000J / 0.20 = 5000J</span>

8 0

2 years ago

If the mass of the ladder is 12.0 kgkg, the mass of the painter is 55.0 kgkg, and the ladder begins to slip at its base when her

Marysya12 [62]

Answer:

μ = 0.336

Explanation:

We will work on this exercise with the expressions of transactional and rotational equilibrium.

Let's start with rotational balance, for this we set a reference system at the top of the ladder, where it touches the wall and we will assign as positive the anti-clockwise direction of rotation

fr L sin θ - W L / 2 cos θ - W_painter 0.3 L cos θ = 0

fr sin θ - cos θ (W / 2 + 0,3 W_painter) = 0

fr = cotan θ (W / 2 + 0,3 W_painter)

Now let's write the equilibrium translation equation

X axis

F1 - fr = 0

F1 = fr

the friction force has the expression

fr = μ N

Y Axis

N - W - W_painter = 0

N = W + W_painter

we substitute

fr = μ (W + W_painter)

we substitute in the endowment equilibrium equation

μ (W + W_painter) = cotan θ (W / 2 + 0,3 W_painter)

μ = cotan θ (W / 2 + 0,3 W_painter) / (W + W_painter)

we substitute the values they give

μ = cotan θ (12/2 + 0.3 55) / (12 + 55)

μ = cotan θ (22.5 / 67)

μ = cotan tea (0.336)

To finish the problem, we must indicate the angle of the staircase or catcher data to find the angle, if we assume that the angle is tea = 45

cotan 45 = 1 / tan 45 = 1

the result is

μ = 0.336

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Andrej [43]

This may help u... :P

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3 years ago

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Nonamiya [84]

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom — in the energy level that is farthest away from the nucleus.

I think it's A.

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2 years ago