The reason the efficiency is always less than 100% is because there is always some sort of friction in the machine.
Answer: because of friction
A computer can show you how it is done and how they got to that solution while a graphing calculator can only show you the solution.
Different wavelengths of light are seen as colors
The weight of the plane is (mass) x (acceleration of gravity).
Neither of these changes when the plane rises from the ground.
Its weight on the ground is equal to (the same as) its weight in the air.