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3 years ago

How do the particles in matter change when a substance becomes hotter, cools down, or changes state

Chemistry

1 answer:

Archy [21]3 years ago

7 0

Colder- moves slower
warmer- moves faster
changes state:
solid to gas- warmer
gas to solid- colder
something like that

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Draw the product that valine forms when it reacts with excess CH3CH2OH and HCl followed by a wash with aqueous base.

-BARSIC- [3]

Answer:

Product: ethyl L-valinate

Explanation:

If we want to understand what it is the molecule produced we have to analyze the reagents. We have valine an amino acid, in this kind of compounds we have an amine group ( $NH_2$ ) and a carboxylic acid group ( $COOH$ ). Additionally, we have an alcohol ( $CH_3CH_2OH$ ) in the presence of HCl (a strong acid) in the first step, and a base ( $OH^-$ ).

When we have an acid and an alcohol in a vessel we will have an esterification reaction. In other words, an ester is produced. As the first step, the oxygen in the C=O (in the carboxylic acid group) would be protonated. In the second step, the ethanol attacks the carbon in the C=O of the carboxylic acid group producing a new bond between the oxygen in the ethanol and the carbon in the carboxylic acid. In step 3, a proton is transferred to produce a better leaving group ( $H_2O$ ). In step 4, a water molecule leaves the main structure to produce again the double bond C=O. Finally, a base ( $OH^-$ ) removes the hydrogen from the C=O bond to produce ethyl L-valinate

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

7 0

4 years ago

What role in a factory does the cell membrane play

Vilka [71]

The plasma membrane

7 0

3 years ago

-K-12 Scientific Method

hjlf

Answer:

The correct answer is - scientific law.

Explanation:

A scientific law is an explanation to a well observed phenomenon of the world which is found true every time tested and universal proven fact, but the reason behind the phenomenon and its existence.

To explain the scientific law there will be various explanation that are called scientific theory, however these theories can not be proved.

Thus, the correct answer is - scientific law.

8 0

4 years ago

In what applications might coal replace petroleum based fuel

JulsSmile [24]

Coal can replace petroleum base fuel when you are just heating something that dont need big amount of heat. examples of it is when producing steam, coal is just used to heat water and produce steam because coal is much cheaper and the coal can already do the job in heating the water

3 0

3 years ago

At 63.5 C the vapor pressure of H2O is 175 torr and that of ethanol is 400 torr. A solution is made by adding equal masses of H2

xxTIMURxx [149]

Answer:

Moel fraction of ethanol in the solution = 0.28

Vapor pressure of the solution = 238 torr

Mole fraction of ethanol in the vapor = 0.47

Explanation:

Let's use 100 g of each substance as a calculus basis. Knowing that the molar mass of water is 18 g/mol and the molar mass of ethanol is 46 g/mol, the number of moles (n = mass/molar mass) of each one is:

nw = 100/18 = 5.56 mol

ne= 100/46 = 2.17 mol

The total number of moles is 7.73 mol, so the mole fraction of ethanol is

2.17/7.73 = 0.28

The mole fraction of water must be 0.72, so if we assume that the solution is ideal, by the Raoult's law, the solution vapor pressure is the sum of the multiplication of the mole fraction by the vapor pressure of each substance, thus:

P = 0.28*400 + 0.72*175

P = 238 torr

The partial pressure of each substance can be found by the multiplication of the molar fraction by the vapor pressure, thus:

Pw = 0.72*175 = 126 torr

Pe = 0.28*400 = 112 torr

To know the number of moles that is vaporized above the solution, we may use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

P/n = RT/V

R is the gas constant, T is the temperature and V is the volume, so they are the same for both water and ethanol, thus

Pw/nw = Pe/ne

126/nw = 112/ne

ne = (112/126)*nw

ne = 0.89nw

So, the mole fraction of ethanol is:

ne/(ne + nw) = 0.89nw/(0.89nw + nw) = 0.89/1.89 = 0.47

4 0

3 years ago