An imbalance between electrical charges
By definition;
M = fo/fe
Where,
M = Angular magnification
fo = Focal length of objective lens
fe = Focal length of eyepiece lens
From the information given;
M = 180/30 = 6
The brightness of the lamp is proportional to the current flowing through the lamp: the larger the current, the brighter the lamp.
The current flowing through the lamp is given by Ohm's law:

where
V is the potential difference across the lamp, which is equal to the emf of the battery, and R is the resistance of the lamp.
The problem says that the battery is replaced with one with lower emf. Looking at the formula, this means that V decreases: if we want to keep the same brightness, we need to keep I constant, therefore we need to decrease R, the resistance of the lamp.
An ampere (AM-pir), or amp
Answer:
Explanation:
The hand provides Kinetic Energy in moving.
The KE is transformed to Frictional energy
The Frictional Energy can produce heat and light energy.
The sandpaper produces little shreds from the grit of the paper.
The shreds have KE (they move)