There is no chemical formula for light energy because light is not a chemical.
4d7 , 3s2 will be the valence shell electronic configuration of a neutral atom of cobalt!
Answer: An atom that has gained an electron.
Explanation:
The number of protons in an atom cannot change except for some exceptional circumstances.
Cations (or metal ions) are formed when atoms lose electrons, as they want to form a complete outer electron shell to become as stable as possible.
For example, potassium is a 1+ ion, because it has one electron in its outer shell (and in group one). Therefore, to become more stable that electron is lost to become an ion or cation. As one electron is lost, the potassium cation charge is 1+ as the charge of an electron is 1-.
Explanation:
The atomic spectrum is more like the transitions of electrons among electronic energy levels in an isolated atom. Atomic spectrum is mainly affected by interaction of the transitioning electrons between the nuclei spins and between the other electrons in the same atom.
However, molecular spectrum involve transition of electrons in molecules with two and more atoms(it can be in the same or different). Also, the valence electrons are now in different orbitals than that of the atomic orbitals and the orbital structure has changed the electronic transitions are different
