Why temperature remains constant during phase change

1 answer:

4 0

Energy is released or required to form/break forces of attraction between particles. This causes a change in potential energy, and not its kinetic energy. Since temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, this means that there ia no change in temperature during a phase change.

You might be interested in

The reaction of 2-chloropropane with sodium hydroxide can occur via both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms.

strojnjashka [21]

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) Part 1: $S_N1$ reaction. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which we have two steps. Firstly, chlorine, a good leaving group, leaves the carbon skeleton to form a relatively stable secondary carbocation. This carbocation is then attacked by the hydroxide anion, our nucleophile, to form the final product.

To summarize, this mechanism takes places in two separate steps. The mechanism is attached below.

Part 2: $S_N2$ reaction. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which we have one step. Our nucleophile, hydroxide, attacks the carbon and then chlorine leaves simultaneously without an intermediate carbocation being formed.

The mechanism is attached as well.

(b) The rate determining step is the slow step. Formation of the carbocation has the greatest activation energy, so this is our rate determining step for $S_N1$ . For $S_N2$ , we only have one step, so the rate determining step is the attack of the nucleophile and the loss of the leaving group.