Water, lower, and I'm not too sure for the third one... sorry.
Answer: A dilation with rule: 
Explanation:
A dilation is a non-rigid transformation that creates an image that is the same shape as the original but has a different size.
It uses a scale factor k such that

(x,y)= coordinates of original figure
(kx,ky) = corresponding coordinate in the image.
To transform: A (3,-4) onto point A' (1.5,-2).
Using scale factor k=
, we have

Required rule: 
It’s easy, if the PH of any acidic solution = -Log[H+], where [H+] is hydrogen ion concentration, multiply each term by (-1) then raise each term as a power to (10), so it will become like this:-
[H+] = 10^(-PH)
Thermal energy causes of motion of
1. mixing water molecules contained in a beaker.
2.<span>molecules in soild liquid and gas phases
3. mixing </span><span>molecules together
4. </span><span>molecules that have reached equilibrium </span>