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Sergeeva-Olga [200]
3 years ago
6

Sometimes a particle of radiation penetrates a substance and continues on its way, and sometimes it doesn't. For the particles t

hat don't make it through a substance, what happened to them? At the atomic level what part of an atom did they hit? As for the particles that weren't shielded or blocked by the material, how did they manage to get through? Also, explain why denser substances shield better than lighter substances.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Amanda [17]3 years ago
6 0

Explanation:

According to the atomic model of Rutherford, an atom has most of empty space inside the region where electrons reside.

And, nucleus is the smaller part that is, present at the center of an atom. It is solid and inside the nucleus there are  protons and neutrons are present.

  • When radiation hits a solid particle then they hit the positively charged nucleus due to the positive charge of protons. So, they tend to face a strong repulsion and then they retrace the path. As a result, they make it through the substance.
  • Now, at the atomic level they hit the nucleus of the atom that s, positively charged.
  • Particles that are not shielded or blocked by material tend to pass directly through the large empty space as in this empty space there is no repulsion because of nucleus. As a result, they tend to pass directly through the material without any disturbance.
  • Denser is a substance, larger will be its nucleus. This means that then there will be more number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus.  Hence, there will be high positive charge on the nucleus and very less free space that will allow very less number of radiations to pass through without any disturbance.

Thus, denser substance will shield better as compared to the lighter substances.

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3 0
3 years ago
Consider a disubstituted aromatic compound. The parent name is benzene and there is a chloro and bromo substituent. Disubstitute
Marina86 [1]

Answer:The correct names for the structure are:

--> 1. 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene.

--> 3. meta-bromochlorobenzene.

--> 6. m-bromochlorobenzene.

Explanation:

Benzene is the simplest member of the aromatic hydrocarbons. It has a ring structure consisting of six carbon and six hydrogen atoms. This equally means that a benzene can have up to six substituents. One of the chemical properties is that benzene and other members of its series undergo substitution reaction whereby one or more of its six hydrogen atoms is replaced by monoatomic reagents.

Disubstituted benzene consists of two substituents which are described based on either numerical locants or specific words for the three possible forms.

The numerical locant method are used the same naming substitutes of other hydrocarbons. From the question, the numerical locant method was derived through using the following steps:

--> the functional group is benzene

--> there are two substituents which includes bromine( written as bromo) and chlorine ( written as chloro)

--> while placing the number, it's done alphabetically ('1-bromo' comes before '3-chloro') in a clockwise manner. This is to give chorine the lowest locant number.

The second naming method for a disubstituted benzene is the the ortho-, meta-, para- (or their singel letter equivalent) nomenclature method. This is only used for benzene structures.

--> ortho or O : this is used when the substituents are close to each other in the benzene ring.

--> meta or (m) : This is used when the substituents are separated by one carbon in the benzene ring.

--> para or (p): This is used when the substituents are across each other in the benzene ring

From the question, the bromine substituent is separated from the chlorine by one carbon atom, therefore it's meta-bromochlorobenzene or m-bromochlorobenzene.

8 0
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Answer:

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Write the formula unit and the net-ionic equations to describe the reaction between potassium hydrogen phthalate (khp) and cesiu
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8 0
3 years ago
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The depletion of ozone (O3) in the stratosphere has been a matter of great concern among scientists in recent years. It is belie
Deffense [45]

<u>Answer:</u> Nitric oxide is the limiting reagent. The number of moles of excess reagent left is 0.0039 moles. The amount of nitrogen dioxide produced will be 0.7912 g.

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation

\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}   ....(1)

  • <u>For ozone:</u>

Given mass of ozone = 0.827 g

Molar mass of ozone = 48 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

\text{Moles of ozone}=\frac{0.827g}{48g/mol}=0.0172mol

  • <u>For nitric oxide:</u>

Given mass of nitric oxide = 0.635 g

Molar mass of nitric oxide = 30.01 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

\text{Moles of nitric oxide}=\frac{0.635g}{30.01g/mol}=0.0211mol

For the given chemical equation:

O_3+NO\rightarrow O_2+NO_2

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of ozone reacts with 1 mole of nitric oxide.

So, 0.0172 moles of ozone will react with = \frac{1}{1}\times 0.0172=0.0172moles of nitric oxide

As, given amount of nitric oxide is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.

Thus, ozone is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.

  • Amount of excess reagent (nitric oxide) left = 0.0211 - 0.0172 = 0.0039 moles

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of ozone produces 1 mole of nitrogen dioxide.

So, 0.0172 moles of ozone will react with = \frac{1}{1}\times 0.0172=0.0172moles of nitrogen dioxide

Now, calculating the mass of nitrogen dioxide from equation 1, we get:

Molar mass of nitrogen dioxide = 46 g/mol

Moles of nitrogen dioxide = 0.0172 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

0.0172mol=\frac{\text{Mass of nitrogen dioxide}}{46g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of nitrogen dioxide}=0.7912g

Hence, nitric oxide is the limiting reagent. The number of moles of excess reagent left is 0.0039 moles. The amount of nitrogen dioxide produced will be 0.7912 g.

8 0
3 years ago
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