Answer:
(a). The charge on the outer surface is −2.43 μC.
(b). The charge on the inner surface is 4.00 μC.
(c). The electric field outside the shell is 
Explanation:
Given that,
Charge q₁ = -4.00 μC
Inner radius = 3.13 m
Outer radius = 4.13 cm
Net charge q₂ = -6.43 μC
We need to calculate the charge on the outer surface
Using formula of charge



The charge on the inner surface is q.


We need to calculate the electric field outside the shell
Using formula of electric field

Put the value into the formula



Hence, (a). The charge on the outer surface is −2.43 μC.
(b). The charge on the inner surface is 4.00 μC.
(c). The electric field outside the shell is 
Answer:
αβ = Ma
Explanation:
By Newton's 2nd Law, the equation governing the motion of the rocket while the rocket is burning fuel is
αβ = Ma where α = rocket's fuel burning rate, β = relative to the velocity of the rocket, M = instantaneous mass of the rocket and a = acceleration of rocket.
Sample Response: "No, steel and carbon would not form metallic bonds because metallic bonds only form between metals. Iron is a metal, but carbon is not."