Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.
Step (1):
Generation of electrophile: by the action of Lewis acid FeCl₃ on Cl₂ to serve as a source of Cl⁺ (Electrophile)
Step (2):
Addition of electrophile to form carbocation:
addition of electrophile to form C-Cl bond and form carbocation which is stabilized by resonance.
Step (3):
Loss of proton to re-form the aromatic ring by the action of FeCl₄⁻ which removes proton from carbon containing Cl and forming the aromatic ring again
Answer:
It's an open system, tranfering heat through a rigid, diathermal wall and matter through an imaginary and permeable wall, and it is not at steady state.
Explanation:
- An <em>open system</em> is that that interacts with its surroundings exchanging energy and matter. In an open pan with boiling water you have an open system because steam (matter) is leaving the system, as well as heat (energy) through the pan/stove.
- A<em> boundary</em> is what separates the system from its surroundings, there are many types of boundaries, based on how they transfer energy they can be diathermal (conducting heat) or adiabatic (insulating), on their rigidity they can be rigid, flexible, imaginary or movable and based on their permeability. For the system described we have an imaginary boundary on top that is also permeable allowing matter to go out or in the system, and another wall (the stove/pan itself that is rigid and impermeable avoiding the loss of matter and diathermal, allowing the conduction of heat.
- It is said that a system is at a<em> steady state</em> when the variables that define that system remain constant over time. In an open pan, you can't fully control those variables, you'll have matter and energy scaping from it with no way to regulate it.
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Answer;
-Chlorine is more reactive than silicon
Explanation;
-As you move across a period, the nuclear charge will increase; the number of energy levels will stay the same, so there is a stronger and stronger attraction for the electrons.
-The electrons are being held more tightly as you move across a period. It becomes more and more difficult to lose electrons and consequently the reactivity of non metals increases as you go from left to right across the periodic table; Therefore; chlorine is more reactive than silicon.
