Question

A long copper rod of diameter 2.0 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 100°C. It is now exposed to an air stream at 20°C with a heat transfer coefficient of 200 W/m2·K. How long would it take for the copper road to cool to an average temperature of 25°C?

Answer 1

Answer:

t = 4.0 min

Explanation:

given data:

diameter of rod = 2 cm

T_1 = 100 degree celcius

Air stream temperature =  20 degree celcius

heat transfer coefficient = 200 W/m2. K

WE KNOW THAT

copper thermal conductivity = k = 401 W/m °C

copper specific heat Cp = 385 J/kg.°C

density of copper = 8933 kg/m3

charateristic length is given as Lc

$Lc = \frac{V}{A_s}$

$Lc = \frac{\frac{\pi D^2}{4} L}{\pi DL}$

$Lc = \frac{D}{4}$

$Lc = \frac{0.02}{6} = 0.005 m$

Biot number is given as $Bi = \frac{hLc}{k}$

$Bi = \frac{200*0.005}{401}$

Bi = 0.0025

As Bi is greater than 0.1 therefore lumped system analysis is applicable

so we have

$\frac{T(t) - T_∞}{Ti - T_∞} = e^{-bt}$ ............1

where b is given as

$b = \frac{ hA}{\rho Cp V}$

$b = \frac{ h}{\rho Cp Lc}$

$b = \frac{200}{8933*385*0.005}$

b = 0.01163 s^{-1}

putting value in equation 1

$\frac{25-20}{100-20} = e^{-0.01163t}$

solving for t we get

t = 4.0 min