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Ainat [17]
3 years ago
13

what are the relative strengths of intermolecular forces compared to the forces between ions in a salt or the forces between met

al atoms in a metallic bond?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Sophie [7]3 years ago
7 0
There are two kinds of forces, or attractions, that operate in a molecule—intramolecularand intermolecular. Let's try to understand this difference through the following example.



Figure of towels sewn and Velcroed representing bonds between hydrogen and chlorine atoms

We have six towels—three are purple in color, labeled hydrogen and three are pink in color, labeled chlorine. We are given a sewing needle and black thread to sew one hydrogen towel to one chlorine towel. After sewing, we now have three pairs of towels: hydrogen sewed to chlorine. The next step is to attach these three pairs of towels to each other. For this we use Velcro as shown above.

So, the result of this exercise is that we have six towels attached to each other through thread and Velcro. Now if I ask you to pull this assembly from both ends, what do you think will happen? The Velcro junctions will fall apart while the sewed junctions will stay as is. The attachment created by Velcro is much weaker than the attachment created by the thread that we used to sew the pairs of towels together. A slight force applied to either end of the towels can easily bring apart the Velcro junctions without tearing apart the sewed junctions.

Exactly the same situation exists in molecules. Just imagine the towels to be real atoms, such as hydrogen and chlorine. These two atoms are bound to each other through a polar covalent bond—analogous to the thread. Each hydrogen chloride molecule in turn is bonded to the neighboring hydrogen chloride molecule through a dipole-dipole attraction—analogous to Velcro. We’ll talk about dipole-dipole interactions in detail a bit later. The polar covalent bond is much stronger in strength than the dipole-dipole interaction. The former is termed an intramolecular attraction while the latter is termed an intermolecular attraction.

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Nimfa-mama [501]

Answer:

Mass = 4.6 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of molecules of sucrose = 8.1 ×10²¹ molecules

Mass of sucrose = ?

Solution:

First of all we will calculate the number of moles by using Avogadro number.

1 mole × 8.1 ×10²¹ molecules / 6.022×10²³ molecules

1.35 × 10⁻² mol

Mass of sucrose:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Molar mass = 342.3 g/mol

Mass = 1.35 × 10⁻² mol ×342.3 g/mol

Mass = 462.1  × 10⁻² g

Mass = 4.6 g

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6 0
3 years ago
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qwelly [4]
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8 0
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in heating a kettle of water on an electric stove, 3.34×10^3 J of thermal energy was provided by the element of the stove. yet,
insens350 [35]

Answer:

The percentage efficiency of the electrical element is approximately 82.186%

Explanation:

The given parameters are;

The thermal energy provided by the stove element, H_{supplied} = 3.34 × 10³ J

The amount thermal energy gained by the kettle, H_{absorbed}  = 5.95 × 10² J

The percentage efficiency of the electrical element in heating the kettle of water, η%, is given as follows;

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3 years ago
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