The material which is used as source for commercial production aluminum is bauxite.
The aluminum can be extracted from bauxite ore by the process of Bayer process.
In the Bayer process, bauxite ore is heated in the pressure vessel along with a caustic soda solution (sodium hydroxide) at a temperature between 150 to 200 °C. At this temperatures, the aluminium is dissolved in the solution as sodium aluminate in the extraction process. After separation of the residue by filtering, when the liquid is cooled gibbsite is precipitated and then it is seeded with fine-grained aluminum hydroxide crystals from previous extractions. The precipitation take 7-19 days without the addition of seed crystals.
This extraction process converts the aluminium oxide to soluble sodium aluminate, NaAlO2, which afterward converted into aluminum hydroxide and then into aluminum oxide.
Thus, we concluded that the material which is used as source for commercial production aluminum is bauxite ore.
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Answer is: reducin agent in this reaction is thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻).
Balanced chemical reaction: 2S₂O₃²⁻(aq) + I₂(aq) → S₄O₆²⁻(aq) + 2I⁻<span>(aq).
Reducing agent is element or compound who loose electrons in chemical reaction. Sulfur in </span>thiosulfate change oxidation number from +2 to +5 tetrathionate anion (two<span> sulfur </span>atoms in the ion have oxidation state<span> 0 and two atoms have oxidation state +5).</span>
A physical change is when something don't permanently change
Answer:
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a 32g sample of water from 8°C to 22°C is 1,874.432 J
Explanation:
Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
Between heat and temperature there is a direct proportional relationship. The constant of proportionality depends on the substance that constitutes the body and its mass, and is the product of the specific heat and the mass of the body. So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c * m * ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, constituted by a substance of specific heat c and where ΔT is the variation in temperature.
In this case:
- c= 4.184
- m= 32 g
- ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 22°C - 8°C= 14°C
Replacing:
Q= 32 g* 4.184 *14 °C
Solving:
Q= 1,874.432 J
<u><em>The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a 32g sample of water from 8°C to 22°C is 1,874.432 J</em></u>
