Question

How was the water filtered to remove debris and living organisms?

Answer 1

The most common method in removing debris and living organisms is through a series of sedimentation and heat application. The role of sedimentation is to use gravity in separating drinkable water and visible debris. While treating water with heat kills the living organisms.

Answer 2

Step-1: Coagulation

• Coagulation removes fine particles suspended in water, after removing rough debris by filtering through the screen.
• Alum and other chemicals are added to water to form small sticky particles called floc, which attracts suspended particles.
• The combined weight of these particles and alum (floc) becomes heavy enough to sink.

Step-2: Sedimentation

Coagulated particles fall gravitationally through the water in a settling tank and accumulate at the bottom of the tank, cleaning water from much solid debris.

Step-3: Filtration

To remove solid particles that were previously unremoved by sedimentation, water from the sedimentation tank flows through:

• sand,
• gravel,
• coal, and
• activated charcoal.

Step-4: Disinfection

• Disinfection methods are applied to filtered water to destroy hazardous microorganisms as living organisms.  

• A chlorine residue is added to water when leaving the processing plant to help protect treated water from recontamination when moving through the distribution system.

Further explanation

Chemical precipitation or coagulation with various aluminum salts (e.g., alum), iron, lime, and other organic or inorganic chemicals is widely used to treat water to remove colloidal particles (turbidness) and microbes.

Water treatment with the addition of coagulants and chemical deposits has been carried out since ancient times.

There are main things to know about the different terms of water purification and filtration because they are not synonyms.

• Water filtration is a treatment for eliminating debris, and some bacteria as living organisms, through several types of filters like cloth or nets.
• Water purification is a chemical or UV process (with heat treatment) to deactivate bacteria and other hazardous substances that are not functioning.

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