Because the side has to be increased by 50% you find half of 8, which is 4 and you add 8+4 because you add the increased amount 8+4=12 you then just find the area.... so 12x12= 144
If the two triangles are congruent it means that their side lengths are equal, so we can assume that x = 3x - 8 and so 2x = 8 and x = 4. Hope that helps :)