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Andrews [41]
3 years ago
15

How many phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state of each of the following systems? Show how you de

termine these.
(i) A sealed flask containing a liquid ethanol-water mixture in equilibrium with its vapor.

(ii) A sealed flask containing a liquid ethanol-water mixture in equilibrium with its vapor and nitrogen.

(iii) A sealed flask containing ethanol, toluene, and water as two liquid phases plus vapor.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Murrr4er [49]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: (i) F = 2

(ii) F = 3

(iii) F = 2

Explanation:

We would be applying the famous Gibbs Phase Rule to explaining this problem;

By applying the formula;

F+P = C +2

Where P = this represent the phase

F = this is called the degree of freedom

C = this represent the component in the system

Ok let us begin;

(i). from this we can see that there are 2 components i.e. (water + ethanol) and the phase in question is a vapor phase + liquid phase.

So from the formula;

F = C-P+2

F = 2 – 2 + 2 = 2

Therefore, F = 2.

(ii). Also, from the statement, we can figure there are 3 components, while the phases are two like the previous one above, i.e. liquid + vapor

F = 3 – 2 + 2 = 5 – 2 = 3

F = 3

(iii). From this statement, we can figure there are 3 components, and the phases are 3 i.e. (2 liquid phases + 1 vapor phase)

From the formula;

F = 3 – 3 + 2 = 0 + 2

F = 2

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mario62 [17]
By breaking the hydrogen bonds that cause surface tension
5 0
3 years ago
You decide to clean the bathroom. You notice that the shower is covered in a strange green slime . you try to get rid of this sl
Free_Kalibri [48]
  1. The independent variable (IV) is the lemon juice mixture
  2. The dependent variable (DV) is the appearance of the green slime on the shower
  3. The control variable (CV) are time taken to spray, the amount of spray
  4. The experimental group (EG) is the side of the shower sprayed with lemon juice mixture
  5. The control group (CG) is the side of the shower sprayed with water.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

  • Independent variable is the variable of an experiment that is changed by the experimenter in order to bring about a change. It is the variable being tested in the experiment. In this case, the IV is the lemon juice mixture tested on the green slime on the shower.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:

  • Dependent variable is the variable that is observed or measured in an experiment. It is also called responding variable. The DV in this case is the appearance of the green slime on the shower.

CONTROL VARIABLE:

  • Control variable is the variable that is kept constant throughout the experiment for all groups. The CV is the same for all the groups and they include: time taken to spray, the same amount of spray

CONTROL GROUP

  • Control group is the group that does not receive the independent variable or test in an experiment. In this case, the CG is the side of the shower sprayed with water.

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP:

  • Experimental group is the group of ab experiment that receives the experimental treatment or independent variable. In this case, the EG is the side of the shower sprayed with lemon juice mixture.

Therefore, the IV, DV, CV, EG and CG of this experiment are as follows:

  1. The independent variable (IV) is the lemon juice mixture
  2. The dependent variable (DV) is the appearance of the green slime on the shower
  3. The control variable (CV) are time taken to spray, the amount of spray
  4. The experimental group (EG) is the side of the shower sprayed with lemon juice mixture
  5. The control group (CG) is the side of the shower sprayed with water.

Learn more: brainly.com/question/17498238?referrer=searchResults

7 0
2 years ago
A solution is made by dissolving
barxatty [35]

Answer:

4.52 mol/kg

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of lithium fluoride = 22.1 g

Mass of water = 188 g

Molality = ?

Solution:

Molality:

It is the number of moles of solute into kilogram of solvent.

Formula:

Molality = number of moles of solute / kilogram solvent

Mathematical expression:

m = n/kg

Now we will convert the grams of LiF into moles.

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 22.1 g/ 26 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.85 mol

Now we will convert the g of water into kg.

Mass of water = 188 g× 1kg/1000 g = 0.188 kg

Now we will put  the values in formula.

m = 0.85 mol / 0.188 kg

m = 4.52 mol/kg

8 0
2 years ago
Natural gas is almost entirely methane. A container with a volume of 2.65L holds 0.120mol of methane. What will the volume be if
mrs_skeptik [129]

The final volume of the methane gas in the container is 6.67 L.

The given parameters;

  • <em>initial volume of gas in the container, V₁ = 2.65 L</em>
  • <em>initial number of moles of gas, n₁ = 0.12 mol</em>
  • <em>additional concentration, n = 0.182 mol</em>

The total number of moles of gas in the container is calculated as follows;

n_t = 0.12 + 0.182 = 0.302 \ mol

The final volume of gas in the container is calculated as follows;

PV = nRT\\\\\frac{V}{n} = \frac{RT}{P} \\\\\frac{V_1}{n_1} = \frac{V_2}{n_2} \\\\V_2 = \frac{V_1 n_2}{n_1} \\\\V_2 = \frac{2.65 \times 0.302}{0.12} \\\\V_2 = 6.67 \ L

Thus, the final volume of the methane gas in the container is 6.67 L.

Learn more here:brainly.com/question/21912477

5 0
2 years ago
In the reaction mg 2hcl right arrow. mgcl2 h2 which element’s oxidation number does not change? cl mg h
netineya [11]

The correct answer is Cl.

Chlorine is a substance that's employed in industry and is present in a number of household goods. There are times when chlorine takes the form of toxic gas. Chlorine gas can be converted into a liquid by applying pressure and cooling so that it can be transported and stored. The term "oxidation number" refers to the number of electrons that an element's atom either loses or gains during the production of a compound. The charge that an atom seems to have when forming ionic connections with other heteroatoms is used to define an atom's oxidation number. Even if it develops a covalent bond, an atom with a higher electronegativity is given a negative oxidation state.

Learn more about oxidation numbers here:-

brainly.com/question/10079361

#SPJ4

5 0
1 year ago
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