Answer:
The cost of increased rates of accidents/injuries due to road accidents associated with cycling.
Explanation:
Opportunity cost is referred to as an alternative cost which is the value of the other choose left out while settling for a better alternative. External cost will be the cost a society has to bear as a result of a private cost. A successful biking company in a community can led to increased rates of accidents due to road accidents associated with cycling. In addition, the society will have to bear the costs of the threats presented by dangerous car drivers who posse more danger to cyclists as compared to trucks/car drivers.
Answer:
a) 254.6 GPa
b) 140.86 GPa
Explanation:
a) Considering the expression of rule of mixtures for upper-bound and calculating the modulus of elasticity for upper bound;
Ec(u) = EmVm + EpVp
To calculate the volume fraction of matrix, 0.63 is substituted for Vp in the equation below,
Vm + Vp = 1
Vm = 1 - 0.63
Vm = 0.37
In the first equation,
Where
Em = 68 GPa, Ep = 380 GPa, Vm = 0.37 and Vp = 0.63,
The modulus of elasticity upper-bound is,
Ec(u) = EmVm + EpVp
Ec(u) = (68 x 0.37) + (380 x 0.63)
Ec(u) = 254.6 GPa.
b) Considering the express of rule of mixtures for lower bound;
Ec(l) = (EmEp)/(VmEp + VpEm)
Substituting values into the equation,
Ec(l) = (68 x 380)/(0.37 x 380) + (0.63 x 68)
Ec(l) = 25840/183.44
Ec(l) = 140.86 GPa
1, you might have been carrying things that are way too heavy for you.
2, you might have weak tendons.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given data in question
mean stress = 50 MPa
amplitude stress = 225 MPa
to find out
maximum stress, stress ratio, magnitude of the stress range.
solution
we will find first maximum stress and minimum stress
and stress will be sum of (maximum +minimum stress) / 2
so for stress 50 MPa and 225 MPa
= 
+ 
/ 2
50 = + / 2 ...........1
and
225 = + / 2 ...........2
from eqution 1 and 2 we get maximum and minimum stress
= 275 MPa ............3
and = -175 MPa ............4
In 2nd part we stress ratio is will compute by ratio of equation 3 and 4
we get ratio = /
ratio = -175 / 227
ratio = -0.64
now in 3rd part magnitude will calculate by subtracting maximum stress - minimum stress i.e.
magnitude = -
magnitude = 275 - (-175) = 450 MPa
Answer:
This question is comprising many parts (a to r). That is impossible to answer in one sheet. Following are attached images having answers to most of the parts.
I hope it will help you a lot.
Explanation:
