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jonny [76]
2 years ago
14

The fracture strength of glass may be increased by etching away a thin surface layer. It is believed that the etching may alter

the surface crack geometry (i.e. reduce crack length and increase tip radius). Calculate the ratio of the etched and original crack tip radii if the fracture strength is increased by a factor of 4 when 63.0% of the crack length is removed.
Engineering
1 answer:
UkoKoshka [18]2 years ago
7 0
Maybe it willl be I don’t know
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Two common methods of improving fuel efficiency of a vehicle are to reduce the drag coefficient and the frontal area of the vehi
qaws [65]

Answer:

\Delta V = 209.151\,L, \Delta C = 217.517\,USD

Explanation:

The drag force is equal to:

F_{D} = C_{D}\cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot \rho_{air}\cdot v^{2}\cdot A

Where C_{D} is the drag coefficient and A is the frontal area, respectively. The work loss due to drag forces is:

W = F_{D}\cdot \Delta s

The reduction on amount of fuel is associated with the reduction in work loss:

\Delta W = (F_{D,1} - F_{D,2})\cdot \Delta s

Where F_{D,1} and F_{D,2} are the original and the reduced frontal areas, respectively.

\Delta W = C_{D}\cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot \rho_{air}\cdot v^{2}\cdot (A_{1}-A_{2})\cdot \Delta s

The change is work loss in a year is:

\Delta W = (0.3)\cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot (1.20\,\frac{kg}{m^{3}})\cdot (27.778\,\frac{m}{s})^{2}\cdot [(1.85\,m)\cdot (1.75\,m) - (1.50\,m)\cdot (1.75\,m)]\cdot (25\times 10^{6}\,m)

\Delta W = 2.043\times 10^{9}\,J

\Delta W = 2.043\times 10^{6}\,kJ

The change in chemical energy from gasoline is:

\Delta E = \frac{\Delta W}{\eta}

\Delta E = \frac{2.043\times 10^{6}\,kJ}{0.3}

\Delta E = 6.81\times 10^{6}\,kJ

The changes in gasoline consumption is:

\Delta m = \frac{\Delta E}{L_{c}}

\Delta m = \frac{6.81\times 10^{6}\,kJ}{44000\,\frac{kJ}{kg} }

\Delta m = 154.772\,kg

\Delta V = \frac{154.772\,kg}{0.74\,\frac{kg}{L} }

\Delta V = 209.151\,L

Lastly, the money saved is:

\Delta C = \left(\frac{154.772\,kg}{0.74\,\frac{kg}{L} }\right)\cdot (1.04\,\frac{USD}{L} )

\Delta C = 217.517\,USD

4 0
3 years ago
An FPC 4 m2 in area is tested during the night to measure the overall heat loss coefficient. Water at 60 C circulates through th
sp2606 [1]

Answer:

<em> - 14.943 W/m^2K  ( negative sign indicates cooling ) </em>

Explanation:

Given data:

Area of FPC = 4 m^2

temp of water = 60°C

flow rate = 0.06 l/s

ambient temperature = 8°C

exit temperature = 49°C

<u>Calculate the overall heat loss coefficient </u>

Note : heat lost by water = heat loss through convection

m*Cp*dT  = h*A * ( T - To )

∴ dT / T - To = h*A / m*Cp  ( integrate the relation )

In ( \frac{49-8}{60-8} ) =  h* 4 / ( 0.06 * 10^-3 * 1000 * 4180 )

In ( 41 / 52 ) = 0.0159*h

hence h = - 0.2376 / 0.0159

              = - 14.943  W/m^2K  ( heat loss coefficient )

7 0
2 years ago
When plotting a single AC cycle beginning at zero degrees and moving forward in time the cycles negative peak occurs at
Lana71 [14]

Answer:A 270 degrees

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
What is a combination circuit? A combination circuit:
Anon25 [30]

Answer:

Combination circuit; The basic strategy for the analysis of combination circuits involves using the meaning of equivalent resistance for parallel branches to transform the combination circuit into a series circuit.

Example:

The use of both series and parallel connections within the same circuit. In this case, light bulbs A and B are connected by parallel connections and light bulbs C and D are connected by series connections. This is an example of a combination circuit.

7 0
2 years ago
3. In the text, we described a multithreaded file server, showing why it is better than a single-threaded server and a finite-st
NemiM [27]

Answer and Explanation:

• 1 thread awaits the incoming request

• 1 thread responds to the request

• 1 thread reads the hard disk

A multithreaded file server is better than a single-threaded server and a finite-state machine server because it provides better response compared to the rest and can make use of the shared Web data.

Yes, there are circumstances in which a single-threaded server might be better. If it is designed such that:

- the server is completely CPU bound, such that multiple threads isn't needed. But it would account for some complexity that aren't needed.

An example is, the assistance number of a telephone directory (e.g 7771414) for an community of say, one million people. Consider that each name and telephone number record is sixty-four characters, the whole database takes 64 MB, and can be easily stored in the server's memory in order to provide quick lookup.

NOTE:

Multiple threads lead to operation slow down and no support for Kernel threads.

4 0
3 years ago
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