Specific heat is another physical property of matter. All matter has a temperature associated with it. The temperature of matter is a direct measure of the motion of the molecules: The greater the motion the higher the temperature:

Motion requires energy: The more energy matter has the higher temperature it will also have. Typicall this energy is supplied by heat. Heat loss or gain by matter is equivalent energy loss or gain.
With the observation above understood we con now ask the following question: by how much will the temperature of an object increase or decrease by the gain or loss of heat energy? The answer is given by the specific heat (S) of the object. The specific heat of an object is defined in the following way: Take an object of mass m, put in x amount of heat and carefully note the temperature rise, then S is given by

In this definition mass is usually in either grams or kilograms and temperatture is either in kelvin or degres Celcius. Note that the specific heat is "per unit mass". Thus, the specific heat of a gallon of milk is equal to the specific heat of a quart of milk. A related quantity is called the heat capacity (C). of an object. The relation between S and C is C = (mass of obect) x (specific heat of object). A table of some common specific heats and heat capacities is given below:
Some common specific heats and heat capacities: Substance S (J/g 0C) C (J/0C) for 100 g Air 1.01 101 Aluminum 0.902 90.2 Copper 0.385 38.5 Gold 0.129 12.9 Iron 0.450 45.0 Mercury 0.140 14.0 NaCl 0.864 86.4 Ice 2..03 203 Water 4.179 417.9
Consider the specific heat of copper , 0.385 J/g 0C. What this means is that it takes 0.385 Joules of heat to raise 1 gram of copper 1 degree celcius. Thus, if we take 1 gram of copper at 25 0C and add 1 Joule of heat to it, we will find that the temperature of the copper will have risen to 26 0C. We can then ask: How much heat wil it take to raise by 1 0C 2g of copper?. Clearly the answer is 0.385 J for each gram or 2x0.385 J = 0.770 J. What about a pound of copper? A simple way of dealing with different masses of matter is to dtermine the heat capacity C as defined above. Note that C depends upon the size of the object as opposed to S that does not.
We are not in position to do some calculations with S and C.
Example 1: How much energy does it take to raise the temperature of 50 g of copper by 10 0C?

Example 2: If we add 30 J of heat to 10 g of aluminum, by how much will its temperature increase?

Thus, if the initial temperture of the aluminum was 20 0C then after the heat is added the temperature will be 28.3 0C.
Answer:
Model B
Explanation:
Model A shows that light has been reflected, whereas Model B shows the light has been refracted. Light will be refracted as the light enters a more dense medium (glass), from a less dense medium (air).
This website has a really useful, thorough explanation for why this occurs:
(Check the explanation under the heading 'Explaining refraction - Higher')
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zw42ng8/revision/2
Hope this helps!
Easy stoichiometry conversion :)
So, for stoichiometry, we always start with our "given". In this case, it would be the 10.0 grams of NaHCO3. This unit always goes over 1.
So, our first step would look like this:
10.0
------
1
Next, we need to cancel out grams to get to moles. To do this, we will do grams of citric acid on the BOTTOM of the next step, so it cancels out. This unit in grams will be the mass of NaHCO3, which is 84.007. Then, we will do our unit of moles on top. Since this is unknown, it will be 1.
So, our 2nd step would look like this:
1 mole CO2
-----------------
84.007g NaHCO3
When we put it together: our complete stoichiometry problem would look like this:
10.0g NaHCO3 1mol CO2
---------------------- x -------------------------
1 84.007g NaHCO3
Now to find our answer, all we need to do is:
Multiply the two top numbers together (which is 10.0)
Multiply the two bottom numbers together (Which is 84.007)
And then....
Divide the top answer by the bottom answer.
10.0/84.007 is 0.119
So, from 10.0 grams of citric acid, we have 0.119 moles of CO2.
Hope I could help!
Seven diatomic elements are H₂, Cl₂, N₂, F₂, Br₂, I₂ and O₂.
<h3>Which are diatomic molecules?</h3>
Diatomic molecules are those molecules in which two atoms of same elements are present, and they are combined to attain the stability.
The seven diatomic molecules which are exist in the chemistry are:
- Hydrogen gas (H₂)
- Chlorine gas (Cl₂)
- Nitrogen gas (N₂)
- Fluorine gas (F₂)
- Bromine gas (Br₂)
- Iodine gas (I₂)
- Oxygen gas (O₂)
Hence H₂, Cl₂, N₂, F₂, Br₂, I₂ and O₂ are 7 diatomic molecules.
To know more about diatomic molecules, visit the below link:
brainly.com/question/14466404
#SPJ1
The third shell has 3 subshells: the subshell, which has 1 orbital with 2 electrons, the subshell, which has 3 orbitals with 6 electrons, and the subshell, which has 5 orbitals with 10 electrons, for a total of 9 orbitals and 18 electrons.
