They are uniform in the amount of protons and electrons but can differ in the amount of neutrons.
Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
In these reactions the function of the acid is to produce a protonated alcohol. The halide ion then displaces a molecule of water (a good leaving group) from carbon; this produces an alkyl halide:
Again, acid is required. Although halide ions (particularly iodide and bromide ions) are strong nucleophiles, they are not strong enough to carry out substitution reactions with alcohols themselves. Direct displacement of the hydroxyl group does not occur because the leaving group would have to be a strongly basic hydroxide ion:
We can see now why the reactions of alcohols with hydrogen halides are acid-promoted.
Carbocation rearrangements are extremely common in organic chemistry reactions are are defined as the movement of a carbocation from an unstable state to a more stable state through the use of various structural reorganizational "shifts" within the molecule. Once the carbocation has shifted over to a different carbon, we can say that there is a structural isomer of the initial molecule. However, this phenomenon is not as simple as it sounds.
<em>-</em><em> </em><em>BRAINLIEST</em><em> answerer</em>
Answer:
When designers require rugged, tough materials for their projects, steel and titanium are the first options that come to mind. These metals come in a wide assortment of alloys - base metals imbued with other metallic elements that produce a sum greater than its parts. There are dozens of titanium alloys and hundreds more steel alloys, so it can oftentimes be challenging to decide where to begin when considering these two metals. This article, through an examination of the physical, mechanical, and working properties of steel and titanium, can help designers choose which material is right for their job. Each metal will be briefly explored, and then a comparison of their differences will follow to show when to specify one over the other.
Explanation:
in the ph. above
C. the square root of the mass of the particles.
<h3>Further explanation </h3>
Graham's law: the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar masses or
the effusion rates of two gases = the square root of the inverse of their molar masses:
or
From this equation shows that the greater the mass of the gas, the smaller the effusion rate of the gas and vice versa, the smaller the mass of the gas, the greater the effusion velocity.
So if both gases are at the same temperature and pressure, the above formula can apply
Answer D; if you spray perfume into a corner, it will eventually diffuse, but initially it has a higher concentration than all other corners of that room.
