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Juli2301 [7.4K]
3 years ago
9

Menthol the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A 0.1005 grams sample

of menthol is combusted, producing 0.2829 grams of carbon dioxide and 0.1159 grams of water. What is the empirical formula for menthol? If the compound has a molar mass of 156 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
Chemistry
1 answer:
bearhunter [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Empirical and molecular formula are both C₁₀H₂₀O

Explanation:

The formula of menthol is CₐHₓOₙ. In the problem we need to find a, x and n.

The combustion of menthol occurs as follows:

CₐHₓOₙ + O₂ → aCO₂ + 1/2 H₂O

That means moles of carbon dioxide are equal to moles of carbon in menthol and moles of hydrogen are twice moles of water.

<em>Moles CO₂ and mass C:</em>

0.2829g CO₂ * (1mol / 44g) = 6.4295x10⁻³ moles CO₂ = Moles C * 12.01 = 0.0772g C

0.1159g H₂O * (1mol / 18g) = 6.4389x10⁻³ moles H₂O * 2 = 0.01288 moles H * 1.0g/mol = 0.01288g H

That means mass of O in the sample is:

Mass O = 0.1005g - 0.0772g C - 0.01288g H = 0.01042g O * (1mol / 16g) = 6.51x10⁻⁴ moles O

Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of moles of each element present in a compound. Dividing each number of moles in moles O (The smaller number of moles):

H = 0.01288 moles H / 6.51x10⁻⁴ moles O = 19.8 ≈ 20

C =  6.4295x10⁻³ moles C / 6.51x10⁻⁴ moles O = 9.9 ≈ 10

O = 6.64x10⁻⁴ moles O / 6.51x10⁻⁴ moles O = 1

That means empirical formula is:

<h3>C₁₀H₂₀O</h3>

As molar mass of this empirical formula is:

10*12g/mol + 20*1g/mol + 1*16g/mol = 156g/mol = Molar mass of the compound,

Molecular formula is also C₁₀H₂₀O

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  • O₂: 2*16 g/mol= 32 g/mol
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  • NH₃: 4 moles
  • O₂: 5 moles
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  • NO: 4 moles*30 g/mol= 120 g
  • H₂O: 6 moles*18 g/mol= 108 g

Now to calculate the necessary mass of O₂ for a complete reaction, the rule of three is applied as follows: if by stoichiometry 68 g of NH₃ react with 160 g of O₂, 7.5 g of NH₃ with how many grams of O₂ will it react?

mass of O_{2} =\frac{7.5 g of NH_{3} * 160 g of O_{2} }{68 g of NH_{3} }

mass of O₂≅17.65 g

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