On the basis of the given unbalanced equation, that is:
HBr (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → 2NaBr (s) + H2O (l)
On the right side of the equation, there are 2 atoms of sodium (Na), 2 atoms of bromine (Br), 2 atoms of hydrogen (H), and 1 atom of oxygen (O₂).
After balancing the equation correctly we get:
HBr (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaBr (s) + H2O (l)
On the right side, one atom of Na, 1 atom of Br, 1 atom of H and one atom of O₂.
Answer : The rate law for the overall reaction is, ![Rate=k[A][B]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3Dk%5BA%5D%5BB%5D)
Explanation :
Rate law : It is defined as the expression which expresses the rate of the reaction in terms of molar concentration of the reactants with each term raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient of that reactant in the balanced chemical equation.
As we are given the mechanism for the reaction :
Step 1 : 
(slow)
Step 2 : 
(fast)
Overall reaction : 
The rate law expression for overall reaction should be in terms of A and B.
As we know that the slow step is the rate determining step. So,
The slow step reaction is,
The expression of rate law for this reaction will be,
Hence, the rate law for the overall reaction is
C. It has mass and volume
Explanation:
Every atom of an element has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of substance it contains this is usually a function of their subatomic particles.
The bulk of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus where we have protons and neutrons. Electrons do not really add much to the mass of an atom.
Atoms also have specific volume.
- The reason for our selection is that atoms are the smallest particle of matter.
- Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space.
- Since it is matter, it must have specific weight and volume
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So, we have:
- molecular weight
- shape
- temperature
- kinetic energy
- mass
- density
Let's rule out the different options.
- molecular weight: Say you have a molecule of H2O. H2O can be a solid, liquid, or gas, but its molecular weight never changes throughout (It's still the same molecule, no matter what phase it is in). We can rule this out.
- shape: Let's pretend we have three identical closed containers, and we fill each one halfway with water, blocks of ice cubes, and water vapor. In the container with water, you will see that the water takes the shape of the container, but doesn't fill the entire container up. The ice cubes will stay ice cubes, assuming they don't melt, so they don't take the shape of the container. The vapor will fill up the entire container. Since all three are different, I would say yes, this could be a distinguishable feature.
- temperature: In general, I would say no, because every element/molecule has different boiling points and different vaporization points. So if you have a liquid at 5°C, you could also have a different element in solid form at 5°C. But if you're comparing a single type of molecule, it would have a boiling point and a vaporization point, so you <em>would</em> be able to tell between them.
- kinetic energy: Kinetic energy refers to how much movement there is in respect to each molecule. In solids, the molecules are packed tightly together and can't move very much, so they have lower kinetic energy. In liquids, they are less packed, but still restricted. And in gases, they can fly freely, so they will have much more kinetic energy than liquids or solids. This one's a yes.
- mass: No matter what form, there are still the same amount of molecules, and each molecule has the same mass as before. It won't change.
- density: Since the molecules are more spread out in gases, it will be less dense. Liquids will be more dense, and solids will have the greatest density. So, yes.
Conclusion: shape, kinetic energy, density, (and temperature if it's talking about a single type of molecule)
Answer: (i) F = 2
(ii) F = 3
(iii) F = 2
Explanation:
We would be applying the famous Gibbs Phase Rule to explaining this problem;
By applying the formula;
F+P = C +2
Where P = this represent the phase
F = this is called the degree of freedom
C = this represent the component in the system
Ok let us begin;
(i). from this we can see that there are 2 components i.e. (water + ethanol) and the phase in question is a vapor phase + liquid phase.
So from the formula;
F = C-P+2
F = 2 – 2 + 2 = 2
Therefore, F = 2.
(ii). Also, from the statement, we can figure there are 3 components, while the phases are two like the previous one above, i.e. liquid + vapor
F = 3 – 2 + 2 = 5 – 2 = 3
F = 3
(iii). From this statement, we can figure there are 3 components, and the phases are 3 i.e. (2 liquid phases + 1 vapor phase)
From the formula;
F = 3 – 3 + 2 = 0 + 2
F = 2
