There are no appropriate definitions on the
list of choices that you've included.
And what does "the following" mean anyway ?
Answer:
there is ZERO TRANSMISSION through the polarizer.
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
waves was polarized in the x direction propagate towards an ideal polarizer whose axis is aligned with the y-axis.
so θ = 90° { aligned with the y-axis }
now, we know that for polarized light going at angle θ to the polarizer;
I = I₀ × cos²θ
Where I₀ is the intensity of unpolarized light.
I is the intensity after polarization.
so we substitute the value of θ
I = I₀ × cos²( 90° )
I = I₀ × 0
I = 0
Therefore, there is ZERO TRANSMISSION through the polarizer.
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
It is known that when a ray of light tends to travel from a denser to rarer medium then there occurs total internal reflection.
For a denser medium the refractive index is greater than that of a rarer medium. This means that for the given situation refractive index of medium 
is greater than medium 
.
this also means that incident angle must be greater than the critical angle of the medium.
Thus, we can conclude that the statement > must be true for total internal reflection to occur.
Half maximum velocity occurs at the point of half maximum kinetic energy which is exactly halfway down.
<h3>
Conservation of energy</h3>
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.
M.A = K.E + P.E
At the maximum height, the kinetic energy of the ball while potential energy is maximum.
At the half-way down, the ball kinetic energy of the ball is equal to the potential energy.
Thus, half maximum velocity occurs at the point of half maximum kinetic energy which is exactly halfway down.
Learn more about kinetic energy here: brainly.com/question/25959744
