Explanation:
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<u>-to determine how long ago two species of animals shared an ancestor</u>
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The molecular lock describes a method which utilizes mutation rates for DNA over time, to determine the divergence of two species sharing common ancestry,due to evolution. Along with genetic drift, selective mating and natural selection, evolution may occur within populations due to spontaneous heritable changes to DNA, called mutations, over time.
Further Explanation:
During reproduction, other events, such as crossing over during mitosis and meiosis, mutations lead to increases in genetic variation. This variation refers to the genetic characteristics present within a species. Mutations may be either beneficial or deleterious; they are maintained within cells, as they form new traits called alleles. Beneficial mutations may confer traits that increase the fitness of a species, along with ensuring survival by conferring a protective advantage- these phenotypic differences between organisms are called adaptations.
Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles. DNA, which makes up the genotype, is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins which make up the phenotype of an organism. Mutations in DNA sequences affect the corresponding mRNA and thus the protein encoded.
Learn more about mutations at brainly.com/question/4602376
Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316
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Answer:
They reduce the bond angle to be slightly lower than the tetrahedral bond angle, approximately 104.45 degrees.
Explanation:
The unshared pair of electrons or lone pair electrons in order to have the minimum repulsion possible with each other pushes the other bonding pairs closer together making the bond angle smaller or bent.
The bond angle is slightly lower than the tetrahedral bond angle of 108 degrees, leaving the water molecule with a bent molecular geometry.
The part of an atom that is actively exchanged or shared in a chemical bond is ELECTRON.
An atom is made up of three sub particles, which are electron, proton and neutron. The proton and the neutron are located in the nucleus of the atom and they make up the major mass of the atom. The electron is located outside of the nucleus and it orbit around the nucleus; it has negligible mass. The electron is negatively charged and because it is located outside of the nucleus, it is the one that is always involved in chemical reactions. There are different types of chemical bonds in chemical compounds and it is electrons that are normally used to form these bonds. During bond formation, electrons can either be donated or shared.
