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olga55 [171]
3 years ago
5

A 3.25 kg block is sent up a ramp inclined at an angle θ = 32.5 ° from the horizontal. It is given an initial velocity v 0 = 15.

0 m / s up the ramp. Between the block and the ramp, the coefficient of kinetic friction is μ k = 0.382 and the coefficient of static friction is μ s = 0.687. How far up the ramp in the direction along the ramp does the block go before it comes to a stop?
Physics
1 answer:
vodomira [7]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

17.11m

Explanation:

Weight of the block is mg=3.25\times 9.8=31.85N, g=9.8N/kg

#Component of the weight acting normal to ramp is:

31.85Ncos \theta=31.85cos 32.5\\=26.862N

#Component of the weight acting parallel to the ramp and against block's motion :

31.85Nsin\theta=31.85Nsin 32.5\textdegree\\=17.113N

Force of kinetic friction parallel to ramp and against block's motion:

\mu_k=0.382\\=>0.382\times 26.862N=10.2613N\\

F_n_e_t=10.2613+17.113=21.3743N

We can now calculate deceleration up incline:

a=F_n_e_t/m\\=21.3743/3.25\\=6.5767m/s^2

#The time,t, of block's motion up incline is given as:

t=V_O/a\\=15.0/6.5767\\=2.2808s

v_a_v_g=(15+0)/2=7.5m/s\\\\d=v_a_v_g(t)=7.5\times2.2808\\=17.1058m

The block moves 17.11m up the incline.

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At point A

The volume of the gas, V₁ = 5.00 L

The pressure of the gas, P₁ = 1 atm

The temperature of the gas, T₁ = 300 K

At point B

The volume of the gas, V₂ = V₁ = 5.00 L

The pressure of the gas, P₂ = 3.00 atm

The temperature of the gas, T₂ = Not given

At point C

The volume of the gas, V₃ = Not given

The pressure of the gas, P₃ = 1 atm

The temperature of the gas, T₂ = T₃ = 300 K

(a) The ideal gas equation is given as follows;

P·V = n·R·T

Where;

P = The pressure of the gas

V = The volume of the gas

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R = The universal gas constant = 0.08205 L·atm·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹

n = PV/(R·T)

∴ The number of moles, n = 1 × 5/(0.08205 × 300) ≈ 0.203 moles

The number of moles in the sample, n ≈ 0.203 moles

(b) The process from points A to B is a constant volume process, therefore, we have, by Gay-Lussac's law;

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

∴ T₂ = P₂·T₁/P₁

From which we get;

T₂ = 3.0 atm. × 300 K/(1.00 atm.) = 900 K

The temperature at point B, T₂ = 900 K

(c) The process from points B to C is a constant temperature process, therefore, T₃ = T₂ = 900 K

(d) For a constant temperature process, according to Boyle's law, we have;

P₂·V₂ = P₃·V₃

V₃ = P₂·V₂/P₃

∴ V₃ = 3.00 atm. × 5.00 L/(1.00 atm.) = 15 L

The volume at point C, V₃ = 15 L

(e) The process A → B, which is a constant volume process, can be carried out in a vessel with a fixed volume

The process B → C, which is a constant temperature process, can be carried out in an insulated adjustable vessel

The process C → A, which is a constant pressure process, can be carried out in an adjustable vessel with a fixed amount of force applied to the piston

(f) For A → B, W = 0,

Q = Eint = n·cv·(T₂ - T₁)

Cv for monoatomic gas = 3/2·R

∴ Q = 0.203 moles × 3/2×0.08205 L·atm·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹×(900 K - 300 K) = 1,518.91596 J

Q = Eint = 1,518.91596 J

For B → C, we have a constant temperature process

Q = n·R·T₂·㏑(V₃/V₂)

∴ Q = 0.203 moles × 0.08205 L·atm/(mol·K) × 900 K × ln(15 L/5.00 L) ≈ 1668.69974 J

Eint = 0

Q = W ≈ 1668.69974 J

For C → A, we have a constant pressure process

Q = n·Cp·(T₁ - T₃)

∴ Q = 0.203 moles × (5/2) × 0.08205 L·atm/(mol·K) × (300 K - 900 K) = -2,531.5266 J

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W = P·(V₂ - V₁)

∴ W = 1.00 atm × (5.00 L - 15.00 L) = -1,013.25 J

W = -1,013.25 J

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Eint = 0.203 moles × (3/2) × 0.08205 L·atm/(mol·K) × (300 K - 900 K) = -1,518.91596 J

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(g) ∑Q = 1,518.91596 J + 1668.69974 J - 2,531.5266 J = 656.089 J

∑W = 0 + 1668.69974 J -1,013.25 J = 655.449 J

∑Eint = 1,518.91596 J + 0 -1,518.91596 J = 0 J

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