Answer:
They are:
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2.
Note: whether the element At molecule is monoatomic or diatomic is incredibly arguable. While some say it exists as diatomic because it is a halogen like bromine, iodine etc, At is in fact extremely unstable and no one has ever really studied the molecules on it, so, when others say it is monoatomic, this is also based on calculations. But the other 7 elements listen above is for sure diatomic.
1.An emotional strain and 2. a reaction to a complex emotional state.
Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.
Discussion:
1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.
2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.
3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.
4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.
Learn more about carbonyl here:
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