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3 years ago

Label 0.15 m cacl2 as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic in comparison to 0.9% nacl (0.15 m nacl).

1 answer:

3 0

To know if the solutions are isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic, we have to determine the osmotic pressure of each solution.

P = iMRT
where
i is the number of ions dissociated for strong electrolytes
M is the molarity
R is the universal gas constant
T is the absolute temperature

For 0.15 M CaCl₂, i = 3 (1 for Ca⁺ and 2 for Cl⁻).
P = (3)(0.15)RT= 0.45RT

For 0.15 NaCl, i = 2 (1 for Na⁺ and 1 for Cl⁻).
P = 2(0.15)RT = 0.3RT

Therefore, the P for CaCl₂ is GREATER than the P for NaCl. <em>Hence, the CaCl₂ solution is hypertonic.</em>

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A process at constant T and P can be described as spontaneous if ΔG < 0 and nonspontaneous if ΔG > 0. Over what range of t

creativ13 [48]

Answer:

Incomplete question, it is lacking the data it makes reference. The missing data from Chegg is:

2 SO3(g) → 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)

ΔHf° (kJ mol-1) -395.7 -296.8

S° (J K-1 mol-1) 256.8 248.2 205.1

ΔH° = kJ

S° = J K⁻¹

Explanation:

The method to solve this problem calls for the use of the Gibbs standard free energy change:

ΔG = ΔrxnH - TΔSrxn

We know a reaction is spontaneous when ΔG is < 0, so to answer this question we need to solve for the temperature, T, at which ΔG becomes negative.

Now as mentioned in the hint, we need to determine ΔrxnH and ΔSrxn, which are given by

ΔrxnH = ∑ ν x ΔfHº products - ∑ ν x ΔfHº reactants

where ν is the stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.

For ΔS we have likewise

ΔrxnS = ∑ ν x ΔSº products - ∑ ν x ΔSº reactants

Thus,

ΔrxnH(kJmol⁻¹) = 2 x (-296.8) - 2 x ( -395.7 ) = 197.8 kJ

ΔrxnS ( JK⁻¹) = 2 x 248.2 + 205.1 - 2 x 256.8 = 187.9 JK⁻¹ = 0.1879 kJK⁻¹

So ΔG kJ = 197.8 - T(0.1879)

and the reaction will become spontaneous when the term T(0.1879) becomes greater that 197.8,

0 = 197.8 - 0.1879 T ⇒ T = 1052 K

so the reaction is spontaneous at temperatures greater than 1052 K (780 ºC)

4 0

3 years ago

What does initial buret and final buret reading mean

ikadub [295]

Initial buret reading means the volume of acid taken in the buret and final reading means the remaining volume of acid after experiment

4 0

3 years ago

Why do we learn about Laws and Motion

Tomtit [17]

So you don't jump off a cliff thinking you could fly. Laws and Motion are heavily used in jobs and help us understand more about the mechanics of how earth's gravity operates. Imagine in the future where we could manipulate gravity? That's why we learn and study this so much.

8 0

3 years ago

Photodissociation of ozone (O3) can be described as producing an oxygen atom with heat of formation 247.5 kJ/mol. However, in re

Lapatulllka [165]

Answer:

0.2193 μm

Explanation:

The reaction showing the Photodissociation of ozone (O3) is given below as:

O₃ + hv --------------------------> O₂ + O⁺

H° (142.9) (0) (438kJ/mol).

The first thing to do here is to determine the change in the enthalpy of the total reaction, this can be done by subtracting the change in the enthalpy of the reactant from the change in enthalpy in the product. Hence, we have:

ΔH° = [438 kJ/mol + 247.5 kJ/mol] - (142.9) = 542.6 KJ/mol.

This value, that is 542.6 KJ/mol will then be used in the determination of the value for the maximum wavelength that could cause this photodissociation.

Therefore, the maximum wavelength could cause this photodissociation ≤ h × c/ E = [ 1.199 × 10⁻⁴]/ 542.6 = 2.193 × 10⁻⁷ = 0.2193 μm

7 0

2 years ago

How many unpaired electrons are there in <br> Cu1+ ion

goldfiish [28.3K]

If electrons are negative, losing an electron makes the ion positive.
Therefore Cu1+ contains 1 unpaired electron.

8 0

3 years ago