Change the following sentences into Passive Voice: (5M)
1 answer:
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(a) 0.8 m/s^2
The force exerted on the sled is F = 4.0 N. We can calculate the acceleration of the sled by using Newton's second law:
where
m = 5.0 kg is the mass of the sled
a is the acceleration of the sled
Solving the equation for a, we find:
(b) 0.098 m/s^2
According to Newton's third law (action-reaction law), since the girl exerts a force on the sled, then the sled exerts an equal and opposite force on the girl as well. This means that the force exerted on the girl is also F = 4.0 N. As before, we can calculate the acceleration of the girl by using Newton's second law:
where
m = 41 kg is the mass of the girl
a is the acceleration of the girl
Solving the equation for a, we find:
(c) 5.8 s
Taking the initial position of the girl as x = 0, the position at time t of the girl is given by:
where is the acceleration of the girl.
The sled starts instead its motion from x = 15 m, so its position at time t is given by
where is the acceleration of the sled, and the negative sign is due to the fact that the sled accelerates in opposite direction to the girl's acceleration.
The girl and the sled meet when x(t) = x'(t). So, we find:
1) Acceleration of the car in front: -7.89 m/s^2
The only data we need for this part of the problem is:
--> initial velocity of the car
--> coefficient of friction between the car wheels and the road
From the coefficient of friction, we can find the deceleration of the car. In fact, the force of friction is given by
where m is the car's mass and is the acceleration due to gravity. We can find the car's acceleration by using Newton's second law:
And the negative sign means it is a deceleration.
2) Braking distance for the car in front: 48.6 m
This can be found by using the following SUVAT equation:
where
v=0 is the final velocity of the car
u=27.7 m/s is the initial velocity of the car
a=-7.89 m/s^2 is the acceleration of the car
S is the braking distance
By re-arranging the formula, we find S:
3) Minimum safe distance at which you can follow the car: 15.0 m
In this case, we must calculate the thinking distance, which is the distance you travel before hitting the brakes. During this time, the speed of your car is constant, so the thinking distance is given by
After hitting the brakes, your car decelerates at the same rate of the car in front of you, so the braking distance is the same of the other car:
So the total distance your car covers is
At the same time, the car in front of you just covered a distance of 48.6 m. So, in order to avoid the collision, you should travel at a distance equal to