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3 years ago

Which explanation is least likely to be evidence for geological processes changing Earth's surface?

Chemistry

2 answers:

juin [17]3 years ago

7 0

D pollution isn’t a geologic process

Hoochie [10]3 years ago

6 0

Hey there,
The answer is D, Pollution runoff contaminates a lake

Hope this helps :))

~Top♥

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Calculate the activity coefficients for the following conditions:

uysha [10]

Answer:

For a: The activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

For b: The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

For c: The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

Explanation:

To calculate the activity coefficient of an ion, we use the equation given by Debye and Huckel, which is:

$-\log\gamma_i=\frac{0.51\times Z_i^2\times \sqrt{\mu}}{1+(3.3\times \alpha _i\times \sqrt{\mu})}$ ........(1)

where,

$\gamma_i$ = activity coefficient of ion

$Z_i$ = charge of the ion

$\mu$ = ionic strength of solution

$\alpha _i$ = diameter of the ion in nm

To calculate the ionic strength, we use the equation:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{i=1}^n(C_iZ_i^2)$ ......(2)

where,

$C_i$ = concentration of i-th ions

$Z_i$ = charge of i-th ions

For a:

We are given:

0.01 M NaCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{Na^+}=0.01M\\Z_{Na^+}=+1\\C_{Cl^-}=0.01M\\Z_{Cl^-}=-1$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}[(0.01\times (+1)^2)+(0.01\times (-1)^2)]\\\\\mu=0.01M$

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $Cu^{2+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{Cu^{2+}}=2+\\\alpha_{Cu^{2+}}=0.6\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.01M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+2)^2\times \sqrt{0.01}}{1+(3.3\times 0.6\times \sqrt{0.01})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=0.17\\\\\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=10^{-0.17}\\\\\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=0.676$

Hence, the activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

For b:

We are given:

0.025 M HCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{H^+}=0.025M\\Z_{H^+}=+1\\C_{Cl^-}=0.025M\\Z_{Cl^-}=-1$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}[(0.025\times (+1)^2)+(0.025\times (-1)^2)]\\\\\mu=0.025M$

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $K^{+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{K^{+}}=+1\\\alpha_{K^{+}}=0.3\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.025M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+1)^2\times \sqrt{0.025}}{1+(3.3\times 0.3\times \sqrt{0.025})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.070\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=10^{-0.070}\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.851$

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

For c:

We are given:

0.02 M $K_2SO_4$ solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{K^+}=(2\times 0.02)=0.04M\\Z_{K^+}=+1\\C_{SO_4^{2-}}=0.02M\\Z_{SO_4^{2-}}=-2$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}[(0.04\times (+1)^2)+(0.02\times (-2)^2)]\\\\\mu=0.06M$

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $K^{+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{K^{+}}=+1\\\alpha_{K^{+}}=0.3\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.06M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+1)^2\times \sqrt{0.06}}{1+(3.3\times 0.3\times \sqrt{0.06})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.1\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=10^{-0.1}\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.794$

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

6 0

3 years ago

Consider the reaction 2CO * O2 —> 2 CO2 what is the percent yield of carbon dioxide (MW= 44g/mol) of the reaction of 10g of c

Arturiano [62]

Answer:

Y = 62.5%

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, for the given chemical reaction whereby carbon dioxide is produced in excess oxygen, it is firstly necessary to calculate the theoretical yield of the former throughout the reacted 10 grams of carbon monoxide:

$m_{CO_2}^{theoretical}=10gCO*\frac{1molCO}{28gCO}*\frac{2molCO_2}{2molCO} *\frac{44gCO_2}{1molCO_2}\\\\ m_{CO_2}^{theoretical}=16gCO_2$

Finally, given the actual yield of the CO2-product, we can calculate the percent yield as shown below:

$Y=\frac{10g}{16g} *100\%\\\\Y=62.5\%$

Best regards!

8 0

3 years ago

Which statement about the periodic table is true?

dedylja [7]

Answer

Two different elements have similar chemical properties when they have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost energy level. ... Elements in the same column of the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons – that's why they have similar chemical properties.

8 0

3 years ago

What is alkaline water.

Marrrta [24]

Answer:

alkaline water has a higher pH level than does plain tap water, proponents say that it can neutralize acid in your bloodstream.

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

Changes in pressure can have a large effect on equilibrium systems containing gaseous components.

gayaneshka [121]

Answer:

The correct option is 1, since by changing the partial pressures the gas pressures change, the gases go from the zones of higher partial pressure to the zones of lower partial pressure, an example of this is the homeostasis of the human pulmonary alveolus in gas exchange with CO2 and O2.

Explanation:

In the first it increases, in the second the volume is maintained, and in the third reaction it decreases.

3 0

3 years ago

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