Direct electron transfer from a a singlet reduced species to a triplet oxidizing species is quantum-mechanically forbidden.
<h3><u>Transfer from singlet to triplet:</u></h3>
- Either an excited singlet state or an excited triplet state will occur when an electron in a molecule with a singlet ground state is stimulated (through radiation absorption) to a higher energy level.
- All electron spins in a molecule electronic state known as a singlet are coupled.
- In other words, the ground state electron and the stimulated electron's spin are still coupled (a pair of electrons in the same energy level must have opposite spins, per the Pauli exclusion principle).
- The excited electron and ground state electron are parallel in a triplet state because they are no longer coupled (same spin).
- It is less likely that a triplet state would arise when the molecule absorbs radiation since excitation to a triplet state necessitates an additional "forbidden" spin transfer.
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Electrolytes are substances that produce ions when they dissolve in water.
What are electrolytes?
When some substances are dissolved in water, they undergo physical or chemical changes, creating ions in solution. These substances form an important class of compounds called electrolytes. Substances that do not release ions when dissolved are called non-electrolytes. A substance is said to be a strong electrolyte if the physical or chemical process that produces ions is inherently 100% efficient (all dissolved compounds produce ions). A solute is said to be a weak electrolyte if only a relatively small portion of the solute undergoes ion production processes.
By measuring the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions containing substances, substances can be identified as strong, weak, or non-electrolyte. To conduct electricity, a substance must contain free-moving charged species. The best known is the conduction of electricity through metal wires. In this case, the mobile charged unit is the electron.
Therefore, Electrolytes are substances that produce ions when they dissolve in water.
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Balancing of chemical equation is essential because of the law of conservation of mass, which states that the mass of a system can not be created or removed.
The second equation is balanced
This is because the number of elements of each atom in the product side equal the number of elements of each atom on the reactant side.
The first equation is not balanced
This is because there is 1 molecule of 
on reactant side as compared to 3 molecules of
To balance the equation we add a coefficient of 3 on sulphuric acid (
) and a coefficient of 3 on hydrogen (
)
The number of Zn particles (atoms of Zn ) in the first sample, and Zn ions are going to be the same,
Also mass of Zn are going to be the same, because of electrons are too small, and would not have influence on mass.
When carbon compounds react with themselves to form a larger molecule the process is called polymerization. Specifically addition polymerization. sometimes molecules containing containing carbon to carbon double bonds can join together to form longer chains. The double bond is broken and the electrons in it join to neighboring molecules.
