Answer: Δθ = 127.4 K
Explanation: by using the law of conservation of energy, the kinetic energy of the bullet equals the heat energy on the plate.
Kinetic energy of bullet = mv²/2
Heat energy = mcΔθ
Where m = mass of bullet = 0.09kg, v = velocity of bullet = 182 m/s, c = specific heat capacity of lead bullet = 130 j/kgk
Δθ = change in temperature
mv²/2 = mcΔθ
With 'm' on both sides of the equation, they cancel out each other, hence we have that
v²/2 = cΔθ
v² = 2cΔθ
Δθ= v²/2c
Δθ = (182)²/2×130
Δθ = 33124/260
Δθ = 127.4 K
When a layer of cold air close to the ground is covered by a layer of warmer air, sound waves traveling upward may be bent, or refracted, by the difference in temperature and redirected toward the ground.
