The planetary temperature energy balance is obtained by radiating back the absorbed radiation energy from outer-space, by the planet and thus acquiring thermal equilibrium.
What is the process of attaining thermal equilibrium by Earth?
The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the more the temperature a planet has, the more it will radiate out to reach thermal equilibrium.
We know that outer space contains large masses of radiative energy freely distributed in its vast expanse. A small fraction of this energy is absorbed by the Earth through the atmosphere, surface land, clouds etc.
Now, radiative balance is achieved when a planet's surface continuously warms up until it reaches its peak at which point the same amount of absorbed energy can then be radiated back to space. The relative amount of energy radiated back by a planet is dependent upon the size of the planet.
A colder planet relatively absorbs lower amount of radiation energy from space. In some time, as the planet heats up enough, the energy is radiated back to the space attaining thermal equilibrium.
Learn more about Stefan-Boltzmann law here:
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Answer:
<u> </u><u>»</u><u> </u><u>Image</u><u> </u><u>distance</u><u> </u><u>:</u>

- v is image distance
- u is object distance, u is 10 cm
- f is focal length, f is 5 cm

<u> </u><u>»</u><u> </u><u>Magnification</u><u> </u><u>:</u>
• Let's derive this formula from the lens formula:

» Multiply throughout by fv

• But we know that, v/u is M

- v is image distance, v is 10 cm
- f is focal length, f is 5 cm
- M is magnification.

<u> </u><u>»</u><u> </u><u>Nature</u><u> </u><u>of</u><u> </u><u>Image</u><u> </u><u>:</u>
- Image is magnified
- Image is erect or upright
- Image is inverted
- Image distance is identical to object distance.
Answer:
The COP of the system is = 4.6
Explanation:
Given data
Higher pressure = 1.8 M pa
Lower pressure = 0.12 M pa
Now we have to find out high & ow temperatures at these pressure limits.
Higher temperature corresponding to pressure 1.8 M pa
°c = 335.9 K
Lower temperature corresponding to pressure 0.2 M pa
°c = 262.9 K
COP of the system is given by


COP = 4.6
Therefore the COP of the system is = 4.6
Answer:

Explanation:
We will apply the equations of kinematics to both stones separately.
First stone:
Let us denote the time spent after the second stone is thrown as 'T'.

Second stone:

Solar cells can be classified into first, second and third generation cells. The first generation cells—also called conventional, traditional or wafer-based cells—are made of crystalline silicon, the commercially predominant PV technology, that includes materials such as polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon.