So as you may know atoms are neutral because the number of protons (+ charge) and the number of electrons( - charge) are the same so they cancel out. When a valence electron leaves an atom it will have a +1 charge because there is one less negative than positives or there is one more positive than negatives since a negative electron left. If a valence electron is added a -1 charge because there is now one more negative than positive!!!
hope that helps!!
There are 10⁹ picoseconds in 1 Ms
1 picosecond= 10¹² s
1 Ms = 10⁻³ s
so the number of picoseconds in one Ms=(10⁻³ s/1 Ms) * (10¹² Ps/ 1 s)=10⁹
Thus there are 10⁹ picoseconds in 1 Ms
pshyical change is a usually reversible change of a substance, as size or shape: Freezing a liquid is a physical change. Compare chemical change.
internal change is when the movement of the particles increases
specific latent heat is the amount of energy per kg (unit mass) required to change ice to water without change in temperature.
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is the change in the perceived frequency of any wave movement when the emitter, or focus of waves, and the receiver, or observer, move relative to each other. Mathematically it can be described as
Here,
=frequency received by detector
=frequency of wave emitted by source
=velocity of detector
=velocity of source
v=velocity of sound wave
Replacing we have that,
Therefore the frequencty that will hear the passengers is 422Hz
