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Answer:
d. Institutions and organizations often take on similar forms or structures
Explanation:
Isomorphism among institutions refers to institutions and organizations that often take on similar forms or structures. This is done so as to enhance the level of output (production) and to increase their competitive advantage among rival companies in the industry.
Basically, business firms or organizations that are engaged in isomorphism usually use a functional organizational structure.
A functional (departmental) organizational structure is a type of structure used to organize staffs by dividing them into various departments based on their skill set, roles or functions and knowledge.
These departments which are vertically structured may include, finance, IT, sales and marketing, research and development, customer service etc. Also, the various departments are headed by a functional manager who are saddled with the responsibility of overseeing, managing and reporting to the executive management.
The employees in companies engaged in a single line of business are generally referred to as silos because they work independently, collaborate and communicate with their colleagues in a vertical style i.e exclusively with each other.
Hence, a functional (departmental) organizational structure enhance efficiency and an improved quality of production because workers having similar skills, knowledge and experience are grouped together to achieve common goals and objectives.
Answer: Double standard
Explanation:
Double standard could be defined as favouring a group of people over another group. Double standard decision most times are not fair and just, as the other party feel cheated because of the decision taken against them. An example is when only ladies are allowed to drive in an organization while everyone can but the men are told to use public transportation.
Answer:
They were called Muckrakers.
