Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
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Answer: Option (D) 30N
Detailed Solution:
According to Newton's second law:
F = ma --- (A)
Given:
mass = 5kg
acceleration = 6 m/s^2
F = ?
Plug all the value in equation (A)
F = (5)(6)
Ans: F = 30N
increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium in the direction of the reaction in which heat is absorbed.
Explanation:
The concentration of NO at equilibrium will increase when the reaction takes place at a higher temperature because increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium in the direction of the reaction in which heat is absorbed.
The reaction is an endothermic reaction.
N₂ + O₂ + heat ⇄ 2NO
According to Le Chatelier's principle, "if any of the conditions of a system in equilibrium is changed the system will adjust itself in order to annul the effect of the change".
- In an endothermic reaction, heat is usually absorbed.
- We see that in the backward reaction, heat is absorbed.
- If the temperature of this reaction is increased, the backward reaction is favored more.
- Since the reactants are combining better, more products NO results.
learn more:
Thermodynamics of reactions brainly.com/question/10567109
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