Gravity is the only one that is not a conservative force and does not have a form of potential energy connected with it. The statement that is true about kinetic energy but not necessarily true about potential energy is that kinetic energy depends on position whereas potential energy does not.
From a to b speed is 600+40 = 640
from b to a speed is 600-40 = 560
let t be the number of hours of flight. This would mean it would have traveled a distance of 640 miles and the distance yet to travel is 2400-640t
Time left will be (2400-640t)/640. But if they were to return to a it would fly 640t miles at 560mph which will take (640t/560) hrs
(2400-640t) / 640 = 640t / 560
560(2400 - 640t) = 640t x 640
t = 1.75hrs
That kind of depends on where the ship is now, and where it wants to go.
We learn these kinds of things in navigation school, and I'll just bet that
it's the kind of information that's right there in the part of the question
that you didn't bother copying.
There are times where the mass is less than the force of gravity or the gravitational pull. The gravitational pull will overpower the mass of the object, which is why you only notice the force of gravity and not the mass
Swinging needs to be the first skill mastered