The phase change in which the water molecules become most orderly is the freezing. This is the process of changing water as liquid to its solidified form. The process of freezing is an exothermic which means that for this to occur, heat should be removed from the system.
The loss or gain of electrons
Explanation:
The loss or gain of electrons determines if an atom will become a cation or anion.
A cation is a positively charge ion
An anion is a negatively charged ion.
In an atom, we have sub-atomic particles:
Protons are the positively charged particles
Electrons are negatively charged
Neutrons carry no charges
Only electrons can be lost or gained in chemical processes that forms cations and anions.
When a neutral atom gains electron, it has more electrons than protons. This makes it negatively charged and we call it an anion.
When a neutral atom loses an electron, the number of protons is more. We call it a cation.
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Explanation:
atomic hydrogen torch utilizes an electric arc whereby two closely - but not touching electrodes - result in the release of powerful electric spark as the current tries to flow through the gap. The gap is filled with hydrogen gas in an atomic hydrogen torch rather than air. The electric arch is split the hydrogen gas molecules into hydrogen atoms (some in plasma form). When the hydrogen atoms land on cooler objects like the metal being welded or cut, they region back to H₂ molecules releasing enormous amounts of heat on the surface. Surface temperatures can reach 4000 °C. The use of hydrogen gas protects the metal being welded from oxidation. Oxidation may compromise the quality of the weld.
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Answer:
8.354 nanometers
Explanation:
To treat a diffusive process in function of time and distance we need to solve 2nd Ficks Law. This a partial differential equation, with certain condition the solution looks like this:
Where Cs is the concentration in the surface of the solid
Cx is the concentration at certain deep X
Co is the initial concentration of solute in the solid
and erf is the error function
Then we solve right side,
And we need to look up the inverse error function of 0.001964 resulting in: 0.00174055
Then we solve for x:
