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3 years ago

Why is acetic anhydride added slowly to a dichloromethane solution of the other reactants?

2 answers:

8 0

Acetic anhydride is the only monocarboxylic acid anhydride which is an acylating agent capable of modifying reactions. The dichloromethane is the reaction solvent.

The acetic anhydride should be added slowly through a separatory funnel to other reactants so as to avoid a runaway reaction, also known as thermal runaway. By doing this the reaction mixture boils as gently as possible while stirring. This phenomenon occurs in situations where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that leads to destructive result brought about by a further increase in temperature.

creativ13 [48]3 years ago

8 0

Acetic Acid is considered one of the excellent source of Acyl (CH₃CO-) group. It is also one of the the most reactive derivative of Carbonyl groups.

As we know that the bond formation is an Exothermic reaction. Greater the rate of formation of new bonds greater will be the amount of heat released.

Hence, Acetic Anhydride being more reactive will produce more heat on reaction with other reactants and generates more heat. In order to prevent the reaction mixture from bursting the reaction is often carried out at lower temperatures and also the rate of addition of Acetic Anhydride is slowed down.

You might be interested in

If an atom has 30 electrons and 35 neutrons, what is its approximate atomic mass? what is the name of this element?

Murljashka [212]

30 electrons = atomic number
Look at your periodic table. You will see zinc has a atomic number (the top number) of 30.

When you add 30 and 35 you get 65. The is the atoms ATOMIC MASS. So looking at zinc on the periodic table, look at its bottom number, which is its atomic mass. It will be 65.

This means the name of the element is ZINC.

Hope this helped!

6 0

2 years ago

How many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 29.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 15.0 g of hydrochloric aci

horsena [70]

Answer:

22.7 g of CaCl₂ are produced in the reaction

Explanation:

This is the reaction:

CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

Now, let's determine the limiting reactant.

Let's divide the mass between the molar mass, to find out moles of each reactant.

29 g / 100.08 g/m = 0.289 of carbonate

15 g / 36.45 g/m = 0.411 of acid

1 mol of carbonate must react with 2 moles of acid

0.289 moles of carbonate will react with the double of moles (0.578)

I only have 0.411 of HCl, so the acid is the limiting reactant.

Ratio is 2:1, so I will produce the half of moles, of salt.

0.411 / 2 = 0.205 moles of CaCl₂

Mol . molar mass = mass → 0.205 m . 110.98 g/m = 22.7 g

5 0

3 years ago

Calculate the energy required to heat 322.0g of ethanol from −2.2°C to 19.6°C . Assume the specific heat capacity of ethanol und

just olya [345]

Answer:

There is 17.1 kJ energy required

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of ethanol = 322.0 grams

Initial temperature = -2.2 °C = 273.15 -2.2 = 270.95K

Final temperature = 19.6 °C = 273.15 + 19.6 = 292.75 K

Specific heat capacity = 2.44 J/g*K

Step 2: Calculate energy

Q = m*c*ΔT

⇒ m = the mass of ethanol= 322 grams

⇒ c = the specific heat capacity of ethanol = 2.44 J/g*K

⇒ ΔT = T2 - T1 = 292.75 - 270.95 = 21.8 K

Q = 322 * 2.44 * 21.8 = 17127.8 J = 17.1 kJ

There is 17.1 kJ energy required

3 0

3 years ago

Which of the following has the greatest electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms? a. A strong acid made of hydrogen

NARA [144]

Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Electronegativity value of hydrogen is 2.2.

Electronegativity value of chlorine is 3.16.

Electronegativity value of carbon is 2.55.

Electronegativity value of oxygen is 3.44.

Electronegativity value of nitrogen is 3.04.

Electronegativity value of sodium is 0.93.

Electronegativity value of iodine is 2.66.

Therefore, calculate the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms as follows.

Electronegativity difference of HCl = Electronegativity value of chlorine - electronegativity value of hydrogen

= 3.16 - 2.2

= 0.96

Electronegativity difference of CO = Electronegativity value of oxygen - electronegativity value of carbon

= 3.44 - 2.55

= 0.89

Electronegativity difference of $N_{2}$ = Electronegativity value of nitrogen - electronegativity value of nitrogen

= 3.04 - 3.04

= 0

Electronegativity difference of NaI = Electronegativity value of iodine - electronegativity value of sodium

= 2.66 - 0.93

= 1.73

So, we can see that highest electronegativity difference is 1.73 and it is shown by NaI molecule.

Thus, we can conclude that a group 1 alkali metal bonded to iodide, such as NaI has the greatest electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

- Standard state refers to

yulyashka [42]

Answer: The standard state refers to 1 atm and $25^{o}C$ .

Explanation:

It is known that a chemical/substance can either be present in a solid, liquid or gaseous state.

So, when the phase of a substance like solid, liquid or gas is present at 1 atmosphere pressure and at a temperature of $25^{o}C$ then it known as standard state of substance.

Thus, we can conclude that standard state refers to 1 atm and $25^{o}C$ .

4 0

2 years ago