Black-spotted skin coat as camouflage while stalking prey.
Survival = avoiding predators or capturing prey successfully
Carbon is the answer to the problem
The resulting change in the magnetic flux is =0.013Wb
what is magnetic flux?
Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given closed surface. It provides the measurement of the total magnetic field that passes through a given surface area
Given:
At degree =15.5°,magnetic flux=magnetic field=0.500T
At degree=45.0°, magnetic field=0.500T
Magnetic flux=magnetic field ×Area×cos(angle)
magnetic flux (1) = 0.500×0.1×cos(15.5)
= 0.048
magnetic flux (2) = 0.500×0.1×cos(45)
=0.035
Resulting change in flux = 0.048-0.035
= 0.013Wb
learn more about magnetic flux from here: brainly.com/question/28179515
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a. I've attached a plot of the surface. Each face is parameterized by
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b. Assuming you want outward flux, first compute the outward-facing normal vectors for each face.





Then integrate the dot product of <em>f</em> with each normal vector over the corresponding face.










c. You can get the total flux by summing all the fluxes found in part b; you end up with 42π - 56/3.
Alternatively, since <em>S</em> is closed, we can find the total flux by applying the divergence theorem.

where <em>R</em> is the interior of <em>S</em>. We have

The integral is easily computed in cylindrical coordinates:


as expected.
Mass per cubic metre so kg/m3. Temperature may give different results.