Answer:
They are called beneficial mutations. They lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism's changes of surviving or reproducing, so they are likely to become more common over time.
Explanation:
That's ONLY true when the pendulum is hanging
in the center position and not moving.
Answer:

Explanation:
= Mg ion = 
= F ion = 
q = Charge of electron = 
r = Distance between ions = 
k = Coulomb constant = 
Electrical force is given by
![F=-\dfrac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}\\\Rightarrow F=-\dfrac{8.99\times 10^9\times 2\times 1.6\times 10^{-19}\times -1\times 1.6\times 10^{-19}}{[(0.072+0.133)\times 10^{-9}]^2}\\\Rightarrow F=1.09527\times 10^{-8}\ N](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3D-%5Cdfrac%7Bkq_1q_2%7D%7Br%5E2%7D%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20F%3D-%5Cdfrac%7B8.99%5Ctimes%2010%5E9%5Ctimes%202%5Ctimes%201.6%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%5Ctimes%20-1%5Ctimes%201.6%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%7D%7B%5B%280.072%2B0.133%29%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-9%7D%5D%5E2%7D%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20F%3D1.09527%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%20N)
The attractive force is 
The subatomic particles found in the area surrounding the nucleus of an atom are called electrons.