Answer:
1- Al (NO₃) ₃ ⇒ Al⁺³ + 3 NO₃⁻
2- 0.234 M
3- 0.153 M
4- 8% p / v.
Explanation:
1- When Al (NO₃) ₃ is added water, a dissociation reaction occurs, in which the compound is separated into ions that are soluble in water. It is:
<em>Al (NO₃) ₃ ⇒ Al⁺³ + 3 NO₃⁻</em>
2- Molarity (M) is defined as <em>the amount of moles is solute, dissolved in 1000 mL (1L) of solution</em>. To determine this concentration, the amount of moles of solute must be calculated using the periodic table, in this case, it would be Al (NO3) 3, and then establish the relationship according to the volume of solution we have.
a) <em>Calculate moles of Al (NO₃)₃
</em>
Molar mass of Al (NO₃)₃ = mAl + 3 x (mN + 3 x mO) = 26.98g + 3 x (14g + 3 x 15.99g) = 212.89 g / mol
Knowing the mass of a mole, you can calculate the moles that represent the initial mass that the statement tells us:
212.89 g of Al (NO3) 3 _____ 1 mol
5.0 g of Al (NO3) 3 _____ X = 0.0234 mol
Calculation: 5.0 g x 1 mol / 212.89 g = 0.0234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃
b) <em>Calculate molarity of the solution
</em>
The amount of moles calculated is dissolved in 100 mL of solution; With this information, you can calculate the amount of moles that will be in 1 L of solution:
100 mL solution _____ 0.0234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃
1000 mL solution _____ X = 0.234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃ ⇒ 0.234 M
Calculation: 1000 mL x 0.0234 mol / 100 mL = 0.234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃
There is 0.234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃ in 1 L (1000mL) solution, therefore, the answer is that the molar concentration is 0.234 M
3 - Considering that the volumes are additive, the same amount of the initial Al (NO₃)₃ solute will be obtained, which is 0.0234 moles, but now the volume of the solution will be greater. The same calculation is made as in the previous point, but now using the new volume (100 mL + 53 mL = 153 mL).
153 mL solution _____ 0.0234 mol of Al (NO₃)₃
1000 mL solution _____ X = 0.153 mol of Al (NO₃)₃ ⇒ 0.153 M
Calculation: 1000 mL x 0.0234 mol / 153 mL = 0.153 mol of Al (NO3) 3
The new concentration will be 0.153 M
4- <em>The concentration of</em> <em>% w / v indicates the mass of solute</em> (in this case it would be the Al (NO3) 3) <em>dissolved every 100 mL of solution</em>. Knowing the mass of solute and the volume in which it is dissolved in the solution, this percentage can be calculated as follows:
150 mL of solution ____ 12.0 g of Al (NO₃)₃
100 mL of solution _____ X = 8 g of Al (NO₃)₃
Calculation: 100 mL x 12.0 g / 150 mL = 8 g of Al (NO₃)₃
There is 8 g of Al (NO₃)₃ dissolved per 100 mL of solution, therefore,<em> the concentration is 8% w / v.</em>
