Some chemists believe that satisfaction of the octet rule should be the top criterion for choosing the dominant lewis structure
of a molecule or ion. other chemists believe that achieving the best formal charges should be the top criterion. consider the dihydrogen phosphate ion, h2po4−, in which the h atoms are bonded to o atoms. part a what is the predicted dominant lewis structure if satisfying the octet rule is the top criterion? draw the lewis structure for the ion. show the formal charges of all atoms in the correct structure. include all lone pairs of electrons.
1 answer:
Lewis structures refers to the diagrams used to signify the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and the lone pair of electrons, which may prevail in the molecule. These structures are drawn on the basis of the formal charge of each atom within the ion or molecule.
The formal charge refers to the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, which all the electrons are shared equivalently amongst the atoms regardless of its electronegativity.
The rule for formal charge calculation is,
Formal charge = no of valency shell electron - 1/2 of the no of shared pair electron - no of lone pair electron.
So, in this case, the formal charge of P = 5 - 1/2 (10) - 0 = 0
The valence shell of P have 5 electrons. The total 5 bond is there in the given composition, so total 10 bonding electron, and there is no lone pair of electron on P atom. So, formal charge of P is 0.
You might be interested in
Answer:
The correct answer is B.
Explanation:
The molecule of water has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen.
The ratio of masses are given as:
This illustrates the law of definite proportions which is also known as law of constant compositions .
The law states that 'the elements combining to form compound always combine in a fixed ratio by their mass.'
Whereas :
Law of multiple proportion states that when two elements combine with each other to form more than one compounds , the mass of one element with respect to the fixed mass of another element are in ratio of small whole numbers.
Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.
In a balanced chemical reaction ,total mass on the reactant side must be equal to the total mass on the product side.
Law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.
<u>Answer: </u>The correct statement is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given that:
X = number of protons − number of core electrons
Effective nuclear charge is defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z = number of protons) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons present between nucleus and valence electrons. These electrons are the core electrons.
The formula used for the calculation of effective nuclear charge given by Slater is:
where,
= effective nuclear charge
Z = atomic number or actual nuclear charge or number of protons
= Screening constant
The effective nuclear charge increases as we go from left to right in a period because nuclear charge increases with no effective increase in screening constant.
Hence, the correct answer is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.