Explanation:
The Simple Pendulum. A simple pendulum is defined to have a point mass, also known as the pendulum bob, which is suspended from a string of length L with negligible mass ((Figure)). Here, the only forces acting on the bob are the force of gravity (i.e., the weight of the bob) and tension from the string.
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Answer:
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is reduced.
Explanation:
The relationship between the mass and the energy is given by Einstein formula as :

m is the mass of an atom
c is the speed of light
When an atom is formed, the energy gets absorbed. As a result mass will decrease as per Einstein's equation. So, the correct option is (c) "Energy is absorbed, so the mass is reduced".
Answer:
emf will also be 10 times less as compared to when it has fallen 
Explanation:
We know, from faraday's law-

and 
So, as the height increases the velocity with which it will cross the ring will also increase. 
Given


Now, from 

From equation a and b we see that velocity when dropped from
is 10 times greater when height is 40
so, emf will also be 10 times less as compared to when it has fallen 
The particles in a liquid are extremely fast, not faster than a gas, but faster than a solid. The way the particles move allow you to get volume but not area for it doesn't have a defiant shape