Answer: (3) Energy is absorbed as bonds are broken, and energy is released as bonds are formed.
Explanation:
1) The equation given is H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g) + energy
2) The energy is shown in the product side, so energy is a product of the reaction, so energy is release.
But this is just the net energy of the process. You need more insight to deal with the energy changes in the reaction.
3) Chemical bonds store energy; this stored energy is the potential chemical energy of the molecules.
When a chemical reaction occurs, the first stage is to brake bonds.
Braking chemical bonds requires energy to overcome the bond energy. Braking bonds always absorbs energy.
On the other hand, forming bonds always release energy.
The neat energy of the reaction is the difference between the energy needed to break bonds and the energy released when new bonds form.
So, regardless the fact that, in the chemical equation that represents the reaction a net energy release is shown, you know that energy is absorbed as bonds are broken, and energy is released as bonds are formed (option 3).
Answer:
3.24
Explanation:
The dissociation equation for the carboxylic acid can be represented as follows:
RCOOH —-> RCOO- + H+
We can use an ICE table to get the value of the concentration of the hydrogen ion. ICE stands for initial, change and equilibrium.
RCOOH RCOO- H+
Initial 0.2 0.0. 0.0
Change -x +x. +x
Equilibrium 0.2-x. x. x
We can now find the value of x as follows:
Ka = [RCOO-][H+]/[RCOOH]
(1.66* 10^-6) = (x * x)/(0.2-x)
(1.66 * 10^-6) (0.2-x) = x^2
x^2 = (3.32* 10^-7) - (1.66*10^-6)x
x^2 + (1.66 * 10^-6)x - (3.32* 10^-7) = 0
Solving the quadratic equation to get x:
x = 0.0005753650094369094 or - 0.0005753650094369094
As concentration cannot be negative, we discard the negative answer
Hence [H+] = 0.0005753650094369094
By definition, pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(0.0005753650094369094)
pH = 3.24
Answer:
For CMFR:
V = 5286 m³
t = 2.6 hr
For PFR:
V = 529 m³
t = 19 minutes
Explanation:
Find attached for the calculation.
Answer:
These properties are basically the inverse of each other.
Explanation:
- Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract an electron and make it a part of its orbital.
Ionization enthalpy, is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
- More electronegative atoms have high ionization enthalpies If the energy required to remove an electron is less, i.e. the atom has more tendency to give electron, it would thus have less tendency to take electron.
- Values and tendency of electronegativity in the periodic table: In general, the electronegativity of a non‐metal is larger than that of metal. For the elements of one period the electronegativities increase from left to right across the periodic table. For the elements of one main group the electronegativities decrease from top to bottom across the periodic table. To the subgroup elements, there’s no regular rule.
- Values and tendency of ionization potential in the periodic table: The first ionization energy is the energy which is required when a gaseous atom/ion loses an electron to form a gaseous +1 valence ion. The energy which is required for a gaseous +1 valence ion to loose an electron to form a gaseous +2 valence ion, is called the second ionization energy of an element. In general, the second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy of an element.
The first ionization energies of the elements of one period increase from the left to the right across the periodic table. According to the elements of main group, the first ionization energies generally decreases from top to bottom across the periodic table.
