I would go with option #4, reduced use of resources!
:V
The isotopes of a particular elements means that every element has there own isotopes like H has three isotopes protium, dutrium,tritium. like that cl has also thier own isotopes.
Answer:
+1.03 V
Explanation:
The standard emf of the voltaic cell is the value of the standard potential of it, which is calculated by the standard reduction potential (E°).
The standard reduction potential is the potential needed for the reduction reaction happen, and it's determined by the reaction with the hydrogen cell (which has E° = 0.0V). The half-reactions of reduction of Ni⁺² and Ag⁺, are:
Ni⁺²(aq) + 2e⁻ → Ni(s) E° = -0.23 V
Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V
The value is calculated by a spontaneous reaction, in which the cell with the greater E° is reduced (gain electrons), and the other is oxidized (loses electrons). So, Ag⁺ reduces.
emf = E°reduces - E°oxides
emf = 0.80 - (-0.23)
emf = +1.03 V
