Refraction is the phenomenon of change in the speed of light when the light when passes from the medium of one optical density to a medium of another optical density. The light rays also show a bending when passing through the interface of such a medium.
<h3>What causes wave refraction?</h3>
Refraction is the bending of waves due to a change in speed as they travel through different media. Waves may accelerate or decelerate when they go obliquely from one medium to another. The waves will bend more dramatically as their speed changes.
<h3>What characteristics does a wave have?</h3>
The following characteristics of waves:
- Refraction is the bending of waves as they move from one medium to another due to a change in their speed.
- Waves may speed up or slow down as they transition from one medium to another at an angle.
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Answer:

Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, given that the same temperature and pressure is given for all the gases, we can notice that 16.0 mL are related with two moles of carbon monoxide by means of the Avogadro's law which allows us to understand the volume-moles relationship as a directly proportional relationship. In such a way, since in the chemical reaction:

We notice two moles of carbon monoxide yield two moles of carbon dioxide, therefore we have the relationship:

Thus, solving for the yielded volume of carbon dioxide we obtain:

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1 part per million is the same as
<span>1 mcg/mL (mcg = 1 micro gram = 1 * 10^-6 grams). </span>
<span>125 ppm = 125 mcg/mL </span>
<span>125 mcg/ml * [1 gram / 1 * 10^6 mgrm] = 1.25 * 10^-4 grams </span>
<span>The density of hard water is 1.000 grams / mL </span>
<span>50 mL of water contains 1.25 * 10^-4 grams. </span>
<span>given mass = 1.25 * 10^-4 </span>
<span>Molar mass = 100.0 grams / mole </span>
<span>n = ????? </span>
<span>n = 1.25 * 10^-4/100 = 1.25 * 10^-6 moles.
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Answer: The middle hydrogen is surrounded by 4 electrons, the middle hydrogen is bonded to 2 elements, and there are too many electrons in the final structure are correct.
Explanation: I just did this question and got the correct answers.